The Language in The Red Room by H G Wells and The...

The Language in The Red Room by H G Wells and The Signalman by Charles Dickens Throughout, The Signalman has suspense and the tension is gripping, as the author, Dickens, has used exceedingly good description in the language and the setting is just perfect. Dickens had an advantage when writing this story as there were similarities between himself and some of the characters; since he had been involved in a train accident himself. He creates mystery in this book very well. He uses repetition in the book, as the phrase, Halloa! Below there! was repeated at least three times in the story. The language used in this story sets the setting perfectly, here is an example, a dripping wet wall of†¦show more content†¦The mirror distorts him so that he looks ill-formed like the three strange characters in the story. Another well written extract is this, One man with a withered arm, the woman swaying from side to side, and the other man with a single bent crutchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦he had wrinkled eyes covered by the shade, and he constantly coughed and spluttered. This sets the scene that the place is weird and unique as they are grotesque and distorted old people, weird, with the feel of decay and death about them. They make you feel uncomfortable. Finally, another extract, which I think sets the setting of the story completely, the ornaments and the conveniences of the room were ghostly, the thought of a vanished room compared against todays modern world. It gives the sense of the pale, half-vanished men in white suits standing next to the ornaments. Similarities between The Signalman and The Red Room are they are both written in Gothic Literature. An example of this is an extract from The Red Room, Eight-and-Twenty years, said I, I have lived, and never a ghost have I seen as yet. In The Red Room and The Signalman, both use the characters and the setting to create tension and suspense . Both stories use intensive amounts ofShow MoreRelated The Red Room by H.G Wells and The Signalman by Charles Dickens2518 Words   |  11 PagesThe Red Room by H.G Wells and The Signalman by Charles Dickens `The Red Room by H.G Wells and The Signalman by Charles Dickens are two short stories set in the later 19th century (The Red Room 1896, The Signalman 1860s). The Red Room is a Gothic horror story while The Signalman is a story containing many elements of Gothic horror from the earlier 19th century. They both mention the supernatural although The Signalman is questioning it and The Red Room is a story made toRead MoreExamination of the Settings in The Signalman, The Man With The Twisted Lip and The Red Room1788 Words   |  8 Pagesin The Signalman, The Man With The Twisted Lip and The Red Room These stories are mysteries and they try to keep the reader gripped until the ending, for example in The Red Room, the reader reads on to see what happens to the man and whether the room is really haunted. The Man With The Twisted Lip also keeps the reader in suspense, as the reader would want to know how the man was missing or whether he was dead and also want to know what happened. In the Signalman, also draws

Mobile Technology And The Construction Industry - 976 Words

Introduction Mobile technology is transforming the Construction industry in a huge manner. In recent years there has been a lot of improvement in mobile technology. The most commonly used devices in the construction industry are smartphones. Smart phones nowadays are more powerful than the laptops which we had five years ago. Almost all the construction managers own a smartphone, which at the minimum they can use it as a normal mobile phone .Smart phones can be used for various other applications. Smart phones can replace some of the office equipment. For example, with the help of an application called Camscanner we can scan the documents with the help of the camera of the smartphone thereby replacing the scanner in the office. There are lots of other benefits of using mobile devices in the construction industry. There are some applications available for smartphones, which will help in improving collaboration and coordination. One example of such kind of a software is GroupMe. GroupMe an applicat ion developed by Microsoft helps the smartphone users to communicate in groups. Users of GroupMe can form an unlimited number of groups and different variations. This application can be used for construction management in the following manner. Project manager can create one group for all the people in the management side of the project and another group for all the people in the field team. Project manager can also form a group with the decision makers of the project, owner andShow MoreRelatedThe Construction Industry Has Incurred Losses From Meager Productivity1529 Words   |  7 PagesThe construction industry has incurred losses from meager productivity as compared to other industries (Choi et al. 2013). Productivity can be defined as the relative measure of labor efficiency in dollar value (Choi et al. 2013). Construction managers require prompt and instantaneous access to blueprints, CAD drawings, budgets, schedules and purchase orders. Moreover, many of these documents are re quisite to be perpetuated for several years, due to security and legal concerns. As the industry growsRead MoreA Mobile Solution Provider For The Integration Of Field Management Activities1337 Words   |  6 PagesLatista is a mobile solution provider for the integration of field management activities. Basically, it is a cloud-based quality management program that can aid to effectuate competency by lean hardware prepossessions. Altogether, Latista has numerous modules named Latista Field, Latista Business Intelligence, Latista Document, and Latista Design Review. This paperless solution is able to perform following functions. 1. QA/QC checklists can be exerted to guarantee quality control of projects. 2Read MoreCloud Storage For The Field Of Pre Construction1075 Words   |  5 PagesCloud Storage Cloud storage is one of the important application of mobile technology. Cloud storage can be described as a service, which allows you to manage and maintain the data remotely. Cloud storage allows you to save your files online, so that you can access it from anywhere in the world with the help of internet. Additionally, cloud storage syncs the data making sure that all the devices contain the same data. Any project manager knows how difficult it is to have access to current informationRead MoreThe Changing Face Of The Industrial Supply Company Essay913 Words   |  4 Pagesthe industrial supply company is a fast-changing business. While technology is a great asset in the development of a customer base, digital technology cannot replace the hands-on experience of a trained tool tech. Mobile devices may be replacing cute colored brochures, but nothing can replace quality customer service. Web sites, digital brochures, and quick access to product information have changed the speed at w hich the industry operates, but without quality products backed by a reputable serviceRead MoreA New Methodology For Monitoring Using Smartphones Essay1282 Words   |  6 PagesRecent studies have attempted to automate monitoring progress of construction projects. Typical practice for progress tracking mostly depends on supervisors daily or weekly reports, which requires Intensive manual data collection. This paper presents a new methodology for monitoring using smartphones. This is done by proposing newly developed applications called â€Å"BIM Track† and â€Å"BIM Phase† using Building Information Modelling. Building Information Models usage rapidly enlarged in the past years.Read MoreRunning a Business on Smartphones735 Words   |  3 PagesCASE STUDY Case – For companies both big and small: Running a business on smartphones. INTRODUCTION Technology has been constantly changing and improving over the years. With the introduction of smartphones, individuals and companies can almost control their daily lives in the palm of their hand. People are becoming so dependent on this new form of technology such that, leaving home without your smartphone is like leaving your brain at home. We will be comparing two companies, bothRead MoreHistory Of Chin Chinese Government And Controls The Three Major Basic Telecom Operators1693 Words   |  7 Pagesas promoting indigenous standards for network equipment. The reason for Chinese government divided into three carriers is China Mobile, China Unicom and China telecom these three carriers every action affects the hearts of hundreds of millions of consumers. CDMA is belonging to China Telecom. China Unicom is not to sell the CDMA to China telecom. Old Unicom has two mobile networks, one is the three 130 131 131 GSM network, the other is a 133 segments of CDMA network, periodical to encourage operatorsRead MoreSamsung654 Words   |  3 Pagesfood processing, textiles,  insurance, securities and retail. Samsung entered the  electronics industry  in the late 1960s and the construction and shipbuilding industries in the mid-1970s; these areas would drive its subsequent growth. Following Lees death in 1987, Samsun g was separated into four business groups. Since 1990s, Samsung has increasingly globalized its activities, and electronics, particularly mobile phones and  semiconductors, have become its most important source of income. Samsung has aRead MorePowerful Construction Management Software Solutions For Contractors815 Words   |  4 Pages4 Powerful Construction Management Software Solutions for Contractors It is hard to find any industry that has not been significantly impacted by the technology revolution, and the construction industry is no exception. In this technology driven age, construction project managers and contractors have access to a number of software options that offer the logistic and administrative support necessary to create a streamlined, efficient process that has the capacity to increase productivity, improveRead MoreDesigning An Architectural Design For High Tech Machinery And Equipment1188 Words   |  5 Pages The construction market place is up and has dominated the world with attractive structures, innovative construction and methods and better architectural models as more and more construction projects are getting smarter. The rapid development of emerging construction opportunities with high tech machinery and equipment can make high end structures much faster, with lower costs and better buildings and structures. With modern technology and construction trends to look forward to in the upcoming future

Safeguarding Adults And Promoting Independence Free Essays

In this assignment I will be explaining how, the residential care home, of which I carried out my first placement; promotes independence and reduces the risk of abuse and neglect. I will do this by explaining and discussing: approaches, strategies, principles and will then evaluate the role of multi-agency working in reducing the risk of abuse. Although the residential care homes occupants, are all unable to fully look after themselves, primarily due to age and related health problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Safeguarding Adults And Promoting Independence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each service user had a different set of needs that needed to be met, to provide adequate care and in order to reduce the risk of neglect or abuse. When taking into account a service user’s needs and independence, confidentiality, rights and overall care. The main requirements; employees, organisations and other care providers involved in the care of the residents of the care home are: To improve the service user’s way of life, provide choice; inform the service user and family of their treatment, recovery, and care plan and to protect. This is also known as the core principles of care/ care value base. The principles and value that will follow, are the set standards expected to be followed by the care assistants and nurses. And for the service users of the home to receive. The principles the care home follows are; To support and encourage equality, diversity and to maintain confidentiality of the service users information and that the employees and employer deliver; respect, dignity, fairness, privacy and equality. The overall aim of the principles and standards is to improve the service users quality of life by making sure that each individual gets the care that is individually needed. A person-centred approach is an assessment analysis and Judgment, plan, implement and evaluate is an ongoing plan assessing an individual’s Needs. Effective communication between service users and employee to employee’s and practitioner to external professionals should be paramount. Anti-discriminatory practice must be practiced and maintained by the service providers and personal opinions and or dislikes should not be brought into the working environment in order to stay professional. The service provider should aim to provide a safe secure and encouraging environment for adults they have a duty of care. The practitioners should focuses on the individual’s personal needs, wants, desires and goals so that they become central to the care process. Principles of person centred care 1. Getting to know the patient or client as a person: This focuses on building a relationship between the clinician and the patient/client and carers. Health professionals need to get to know the person beyond their diagnosis. 2. Sharing of power and responsibility: This focuses on respecting preferences. It includes treating patients / clients as partners when setting goals, planning care and making decisions about care, treatment or outcomes. 3. Accessibility and flexibility: This focuses on meeting patients and clients individual needs by being sensitive to values, preference and expressed needs. It also focuses on giving the patient / client choice by giving timely, complete and accurate information in a manner they can understand so they can make choices about their care. How to cite Safeguarding Adults And Promoting Independence, Papers

Gun Control and violence free essay sample

Gun Control Violence Americans seem like they are slow to respond to upcoming disturbing trends. Gun violent tragedy have been happening since the early 1835 and even though gun control acts have been trying its best to help reduce these tragedies but it seems like these tragedies keep happening. The general public have their own different opinions on this matter but it seems that no one have been able to provide a straight answer or solution in solving this problem. The most recent tragedy happened on Dec 14 2012 at Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, CT. Since this incident, gun dvocates have once again reminding us that it is our system which is failing us, not the guns. This incident have trigger a sense of awareness in the general public and since then, the voices of requesting for stricter gun controls have never been louder. Looking at statistical result compilation, there are a total of about 25 mass shooting incident happening around the word. We will write a custom essay sample on Gun Control and violence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Out ofa total of 25 incidents, 15 of them occurred in the USA and we are only Just beginning to realize that our system is flawed. Our current gun control system is making it very easy for mentally unstable ersonal to obtain guns which now come to think of it, it is a very scary problem which we need to fix quickly. Lillian Rubin, the writer of Guns and Grief gives several reasons as to why Cho Seung-Hui are able to execute his mass massacre at Virginia Tech. She mentioned that weapons are too accessible. Cho Seung-Hui was able to buy two semi-automatic pistols, a Glock 9 mm and a Walther P22 along with all the ammo, no questions asked. (Rubin) After the most recent tragedy in Newtown, CT, it occur to me that strict gun control laws and regulation must be nitiated to protect everybody in United States. Yes, I do agree that gun have already successfully blend into the American way of living but we must also agree that not everyone is suitable to own a firearm. What I hope to see is that there will be a very strict background and mental check before allowing anyone to purchase a firearm. This is to ensure that the ir mental state are perfectly normal and are responsible to owning this weapon capable of disastrous acts. Another concern is the illegal black market guns circulating around, there are equally dangerous and the government ust initiate a plan to restrict the flow. The upcoming plan for gun control act must include ways to prevent illegal firearms as well because these firearms are equally deathly and easy to obtain. Renowned producer Michael Moore also mentioned that, The way to honor these dead children is to demand strict gun control, free mental health care, and an end to violence as public policy. (Watson) There are so many guns flowing around the general public which causes disastrous effects, resulting in about 30000 deaths per annual. Over so many years of death and hurt, we are finally oming into light and began to focus more on the problems of gun rights and gun control. We need a ban on automatic AND semiautomatic weapons and magazine clips that hold more than 7 bullets. We need better background checks and more mental health services. We need to regulate the ammo, too. (Moore) Micheal Moore have been voicing his thinking about regulating ammos and restricting highly powered automatic rifles which I fully agreed as we do not need all these high powered weapons circulating in our country. Another point ne mentioned is that ree mental healthcare and more strict and up to speed checks on gun owners. There is also a rise in arguments about the meaning of the Second Amendment and come to terms with the social and political realities of the 21st century. I felt that both sides produce a very strong stand point and theirs personal believes but personally, I felt that I am all forward for strict gun controls/bans as we need to change according to different situations. Guns are for responsible adults whom are careful and at the same time understands the danger of what a firearm could do. I fully support the idea of a stricter gun control as I believe this will help reducing mass massacre tragedies. Guns are not toys and we should always treat them as a very dangerous weapon. Homicides will still happen without the presence of firearms but I strongly believe that without firearms, homicide will not be as efficient as when firearms got involved. I believe that by coming up with a much more stronger and effective system, the government will be able to control the firearms circulating around in the country resulting in reducing massacres and provide us ith a much more safe environment to live in.

ANALYSIS OF HILLS LIKE WHITE ELEPHANTS Essays -

ANALYSIS OF HILLS LIKE WHITE ELEPHANTS David Kenison English 301 - 01 St?phanie Zuk September 14th 2000 Who is the boss? Society is pressuring people so much to succeed in life and to become someone they can not be, that people act in any way they can to reach this goal. Often, they use power and domination to show that they are important and can influence the world. Hills Like White Elephants reflects the power of men over women. The plot, characterization and semic codes prove this claim. First of all, the plot of the story ? shows that the man has more control and authority than the woman. Since he is the protagonist, he takes more space in the story. He has more influence because he is the main character and because the story is based on what he wants. His goal is to convince Jig to get aborted; so once again, he is more important since he wants something in particular. On the contrary, Jig is the antagonist because she is opposed to the idea of getting an abortion. She wants to keep her child, but her husband is insisting so much that she can not transmit her opinion and express how she feels. The plot of Hills Like White Elephants clearly demonstrates the power of men over women. Secondly, the man has more power than his wife because the characterization proves it very well. The woman is very weak and consults her husband before doing anything, as if she could not make a decision by herself. 'What should we drink?' 'Should we have another drink? She is unable to use her judgment and has to have her husband's approval before doing anything. Also, even though she would like to keep the child, she puts his feelings before hers and would do almost anything to make him happy. 'And you think then we'll be all right and be happy' 'And you really want to?' 'And if I do it you'll be happy and things will be like they were and you'll love me?' She is willing to sacrifice what she desires the most to please her husband. This is a very big sign of inferiority and being manipulated by her husband. She cares more about his happiness than hers. Finally, the girl has no confidence in herself and does not consider herself as someone important: 'I don't care about me'. On the contrary, the man is very forceful and dominant. He is always repeating that everything will be fine but deep inside, he only wants to get rid of the baby. 'But I don't want anybody but you. I don't want any one else' 'I don't care anything about it.' He insists that she must do the operation and is putting a lot of pressure on her. 'It's really an awfully simple operation' 'You don't have to be afraid, I know lots of people that have done it' 'I won't worry about that because it's perfectly simple.' He is so persistent and almost commands her to get aborted that she feels she has no choice but to accept. He is also playing with her feelings by saying that things will be great. He tells her he will love her and everything will be like they used to. Of course, she is very tempted but still confused because she really wants this baby. He is very manipulative and almost compels her to do it. His strategy is to repeat the same words over and over again to convince her: ' Well, if you don't want to you don't have to. I wouldn't have you do it if you didn't want to. But I know it's perfectly simple' The girl is so fed up of hearing his persistent comments that she says: 'Would you please please please...stop talking'. She feels overwhelmed and powerless about the situation. The characterization shows that men have more power than women. Finally, the author tells society that men dominate women through the semic codes ?. The man is opposed to the girl. He manifests superiority while she is inferior. He has a lot of influence, but on the other hand, she is being influenced. He wants the death of their child, yet she wants him to live. He uses his reason to cope with the situation, but she is much more emotional. He is strong and confident,

Balloon Car Experiment Essay Example

Balloon Car Experiment Essay Example Balloon Car Experiment Essay Balloon Car Experiment Essay Newtons First Law of Motion states that when an object is set in motion, it will remain in motion until acted on by an outside force. Theoretically, this could mean you could travel at the same speed forever in one direction, right? The reason we dont see this happen is because of friction. The force of friction is the resistance to motion that is in the opposite direction of the traveling object. This is why if you roll a ball on the ground it eventually stops. Friction is also the reason you can hold a book, and the eason why you dont slip when walking! The ground and other solid surfaces can cause friction, called dry friction, but fluids (liquids and gases) like water and air can also cause frictional forces, called fluid friction. The equation for the force of friction is the following: Where Ff is the force of friction, FN is the force normal to the object that is moving, and p is the coefficient of friction. The normal force of an object is the force that is perpendicular to the surface of the side of the object that is in contact with the surface that is causing the frictional orce. For example, if you have a block moving horizontally on flat ground, the normal force points at a 900 angle out of the ground. The unit for force is the Newton (named after Sir Isaac Newton), which is equal to 1 (kg) (m) / s2. The coefficient of friction, symbolized by the Greek letter p is dimensionless, which means it has no units. Dimensionless numbers help scientists, mathematicians, and engineers compare the same characteristic in different objects. In essence, the coefficient of friction describes how easily one object can move over another. Your swimsuit against a water slide has a low coefficient of friction and so does the ice skate blades on ice. We think of these objects as slippery. The rubber of car wheels on the street has a higher coefficient of friction, which is why when there is no force applied the car eventually stops moving. And even higher coefficient of friction can be seen by a big boulder in nature, you can push and push but the coefficient of friction is so large and the normal force of the rock is so big that you might not be able to move the rock at all. Objective: 1 . How to Reduce Friction . To determine which surfaces and conditions create the least frictional forces. 3. Will this create more or less friction? Why? Materials: 1) Lightweight cardboard box (like a shoebox) 2) Balloon 3) Scissors or a box cutter (ask an adult to help you! ) 4) Box of plastic drinking straws 5) Tape measure or ruler 6) Glue or clear scotch tape 7) Notebook 8) Pencil or pen Procedure 1. Have an adult help you cut a small hole in one end of the cardboard box. 2. Insert the balloon through the hole so that the head of the balloon is inside the box and the opening is outside. 3. Blow up the balloon and twist the end closed, pinching it between your fingertips. Do not tie it off. 4. While still pinching the balloon closed, set the balloon car on a flat countertop, table, or floor and mark the starting point. 5. Let go of the balloon and measure the distance the box traveled. 6. Repeat inflating the balloon to the same size, letting it go, and measuring the distance travelled on difference surfaces. Good surfaces to test are a carpet or a rug, concrete (like the sidewalk), and on dirt or grass. 7. Go back to the first flat surface you tested, and lay ut a row of parallel straws about 3 feet long. . Inflate the balloon, mark the starting point, and set the balloon car on top of the straw runway. 9. Release the balloon. Measure and record the distance travelled. 10. Repeat Step 8 on the different surfaces you tried in Step 6. 11. Glue or tape two straws along the length of the bottom of the box like sleigh. 12. Inflate the balloon, mark the starting point, and r elease the balloon car across the surfaces you tested before. 13. Inflate the balloon, mark the starting point, and release the balloon car across the straw runway.

Lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lab report - Essay Example 2010). It has the ability to detect the shortest route to its food supply (Fenska 2010). It has been studied for cytoplasmic streaming through a network of channels that are driven by pressure gradients where external influences can superimpose slow movement on the whole organism (Kincaid and Mansour 1978; Durham and Ridgway 1976). Studies showed that peristalsis-like waves in Physarum, where it moves like a giant amoeba flowing over that surface as it ingests a matter, move in the direction opposite from the net movement of the organism which is a typical mechanism of chemotaxis (Genome: Physarum polycephalum 2013; Durham and Ridgway 1976). Physarum and other acellular slime molds are made up of syncytial protoplasm mass called plasmodium that lack cell walls in their main vegetative state albeit they can take several microscopic and macroscopic forms. It is the plasmodium that enables Physarum to conduct its peristaltic movement during feeding and to engage its membrane potential u sing physicochemical mechanism (Genome: Physarum polycephalum 2013, Hato 1979). The objective of this experiment is to investigate on the â€Å"food preferences† or chemotaxis behaviour of the species Physarum polycephalum. ... Plate A had corn meal agar representing low nutrient levels. Plate B only had water agar representing no nutrient levels. 2. A plug of the slime mould, Physarum polycehalum, was extracted and inoculated in Plates A and B. 3. In Plate A, the area was divided equally into four parts. Two types of fruits and two types of sweets were placed on each of the areas. The plate was left for one day. Data were collected on the second day. 4. In Plate B, the area was divided equally into two parts. The first part was placed with two types of fruits and the second part was placed with two types of sweets. The plate was left for one day. Data were collected on the second day. 5. On the second day, Plates A and B were observed for the growth of Physarum polycehalum within the fruits and sweets placed on the plates. Areas where no growth was observed were also noted. 6. Results of Plates A and B for the whole class were collected. This represented 30 replicates of Plate A (n=30) and 30 replicates of Plate B (n=30). 7. Both the individual and accumulated results were considered for the reporting of this experiment. However, to achieve comprehensiveness of observation of the multicellular properties of Physarum polycehalum, the accumulated results were used for analysis. Growth in different combinations was presented using a bar graph. Results The following results were gathered based on three combinations of substances placed on the agar plates. These combinations included Combination 1 (chocolate and apple), Combination 2 (apple and sugar coated sweet) and Combination 3 (chocolate and sugar coated sweet). Figure 1. Plot of the Number of Growth Observed on Different Types of Combination of Substances Figure 1depicts the specific responses of the slime mould

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Final - Essay Example Democrats were of the opinion that there should be a proper democracy everywhere in US, rather than a division amongst tribes and their rule at various places. So US is bound to expand and to spread democracy everywhere across the continent. That would be very natural for Americans and would be in very much favor of country. During those times, every American was full of nationalism spirit and wanted the country to prosper more and more by acquiring other areas of the continent. This air of rather a selfish kind of nationalism was very much in air particularly after freedom war in 1812. There were many aspects behind this motivation. Religious sector was in favor of making the Indian tribes Christian so that the Christian population becomes more and the souls get satisfaction. They say that God wanted all these things to happen with US. The economic factors were also present as the trade would grow more so there had been the greed for making great entrepreneurs. So overall, there had been a great importance of the concept of Manifest destiny in US history (manifest dynasty. 2011 ). Returning to the discussion that is this concept divides us or unite us, we must keep in mind that Manifest destiny contains the concept of superiority of American over other races or people of color. There was also the concept of cultural superiority that Hispanic people and the native tribes are backward and are not able to move in the world on their own behalf. It’s the people of Texas who represent US in the whole world so they should be the ones who rule over it, alone. This concept eventually caused a lot of slavery in the area after the Mexico war particularly, when many locals were made slaves and were treated badly. This racism and color bias is still present in our society in other forms. Today, most white people consider themselves superior than people of any other race in comparison of culture, social

J Two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

J Two - Essay Example I think that factors such as fixed and variable cost also attributed to the decline in the revenue. 1. Use the Percentage Sales Method and a 25% increase in sales to forecast Micro Chips Consolidated Statement of Operations for the period of September 26, 2008 through September 25, 2009. Assume a 15% tax rate and restructuring costs of 5% of the new sales figure. Sales method percentage will be given by the formula 125/100 * amount for every particular in the Consolidated Statements of Operations (Duchac, et, al 2007). For instance in sales 125/100 * 8,334= $10,417.5. Net income for the year 2008 was given to be $1,570.9 and when this figure is compared to the financial year 2009 which is 1,969.9, it shows a 25% increase in sales to forecast and yet we had a 5% restructuring cost on the new sales. Assumptions made here include all costs remained as a fixed percentage of sales. This assumption is unreasonable since in the normal running of a business, the organization can incur more or less cost than stipulated cost as a fixed percentage of sales (Duchac et al,

Increasing Cervical Screening for BME Women in the UK

Increasing Cervical Screening for BME Women in the UK It was not until 1988 that the NHS cervical screening programme began; since then it has proved to be a successful scheme in the detection and prevention of cervical cancer saving 4500 lives per year (NHS Cervical Screening Programme 2008, Care Commission 2008). Despite the effectiveness of smear tests, evidence shows that only 80% of women with cervical cancer would have had cervical screening (Bloomfield 2007 cited in Gannon and Dowling 2008). In 2007 2,828 new cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed in the UK, and worldwide there are 493,000 cases annually (Cancer research UK 2010a, Ashford and Collymore 2005). With the prevalence of cervical cancer increasing there are concerns with the uptake of cervical screening in the UK particularly among ethnic minority of women. Evidence by Moser et al (2009) has shown there is a low uptake of cervical screening in ethnic groups of women; British women were 1.35 to 3.42 times more likely to have a cervical smear in comparison with women from an ethnic minority. Although other factors such as age and socioeconomic as demonstrated in Moser et al (2009) have an impact on the uptake of cervical screening, ethnicity seems to be a significant influence. Cervical screening is offered to women aged 25-64 years old; for women aged 25-49 screening is at 3 year intervals and for women aged 50-64 it is every 5 years (DOH 2006). Although uptake of cervical screening is lower overall in ethnic minority groups, there are differences in the uptake between ethnic groups (Luke at al 1996, Webb et al 2004). The aim of this literature review is to discover how the uptake of cervical screening can be increased amongst ethnic minority women in the UK. In doing so the literature review sets out to identify ethnic womens beliefs and attitudes towards cervical screening, identify and evaluate ethnic womens barriers to cervical screening and to evaluate the interventions used to increase the uptake of cervical screening. A literature search was conducted using the search terms cervical smears, ethnic minorities, cancer , screening , barriers, knowledge , women , prevention, interventions and UK. As individual search terms did not provide a fruitful result of papers that were relevant, these search terms were combined as follows: cervical smears + women attitudes +UK cervical cancer prevention and screening +ethnic groups, cervical screening + interventions UK, cervical cancer + ethnic minorities UK, cervical screening + barriers UK cervical screening knowledge + ethnic minorities cervical smears + ethnic minorities The combined search terms were used in the search strategies of CINAHL, MEDLINE-via PubMed, BNI, Google Scholar and PsycArticles (see Appendix 1) A total of 11 studies (Appendix 2) were found with the inclusion criteria of primary research and research published after 1990. It was important that the literature reviewed old research as it was only in 1988 that national cervical screening was introduced and the issue of cervical screening in ethnic minorities has been on-going. Hence this enabled a comparison of how ethnic minority views on cervical screening have changed over time. The exclusion criteria were primary research published outside the UK. This was due to the unfamiliarity with methods of cervical screening outside the UK. The use of electronic searching did not yield as many research as hoped for, furthermore it was very hard to find research on interventions that were tested on ethnic minority groups of women. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women under age 35 in the UK (Bedford, 2009). As the name suggests cervical cancer is cancer of the cervix. The cervix (neck of the womb) is part of the female reproductive system and connects the uterus to the vagina. The cervix has many functions: during menstruation it allows the passage of blood flow and during childbirth it dilates for the baby to pass through the uterus and into the vagina (Cancer Research UK 2010b). The cells of the cervix can develop to pre-cancerous changes known as dysplasia. Dysplasia (which is abnormal cells on the cervix) can be categorised using cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) classification (see Appendix 2). For this reason it is important that women have regular smears as early detection of cervical abnormalities can initiate treatment before cancer develops (Patient UK 2010). There are two types of cervical cancers: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form of cervical cancer and accounts for 80- 90% of cervical cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma invades the squamous epithelium of the ectocervix (Dunleavey 2009). The other form of cervical cancer is adenocarcinoma, although less common as it accounts for only 10% in all cases it is considered to be the more severe than squamous cell carcinoma. (Dunleavy 2009, What is cervical cancer? 2011). Moreover the cervical smear is not designed to detect adenocarcinoma, however is mainly intended at detecting the early changes of squamous cell carcinoma (Poulsen 2005).As cervical cancer progresses slowly it may be asymptomatic, however as it advances the symptoms such as irregular bleeding, bleeding or pain after sexual intercourse and increased discharge may be a sign of cervical cancer Smeltzer et al (2009). According to Shiffman et al (1993) there is strong evidence to suggest that Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) causes cervical cancer, with types 16 and 18 deemed to be strongly associated with cervical cancer. Other risk factors include, smoking, number of sexual partners, age of first intercourse and use of oral contraceptives (Cancer Research UK 2009b). Internal Barriers From the literature it is apparent that internal barriers such as , beliefs, attitudes, embarrassment, and lack of knowledge have an influence on the uptake of cervical screening in ethnic minorities (Doyle 1991, Naish et al 1994, Box 1998, Thomas et al 2005, Abdullahi 2009). There seems to be a consensus about beliefs and attitudes of ethnic minority women and cervical screening. Naish et al (1994) investigated factors that deter women from attending there GP for cervical screening. A focus group of women from Turkish, Kurdish, Bengali, Chinese, Vietnamese, Punjabi and Urdu speaking women was conducted. It was found that most of the women shared fatalistic beliefs about cervical cancer. It was noted that if you have it, then that is it and it would be better if were detected early (Naish et al 1994, p.1127). Similarly a more recent study by Abdullahi et al (2009) also found Somali women had fatalistic beliefs about cervical cancer; however these beliefs stemmed from a religious view rather than a cultural view as described in Naish et al (1994). Using a purposive sample, Abdullahi et al (2009) recruited Somali women from Camden. Somali women commonly believed that cervical cancer was the will of God. This belief is further supported by participants in Box (1998) and Thomas et al (2005) study. Box (1998) aimed to seek the views and experiences of black and minority ethnic (BME) women on smear test screening for cervical cancer. The findings showed attitudes and beliefs about cervical cancer were linked with promiscuity and seen as a punishment from God. A woman in Boxs study (1998, p.7 ) stated cancer , yes it happens here, not with us we stay with our men. Therefore for some ethnic minority women there is a chance of being culturally and religiously stigmatised as a result of the belief that cervical screening is only appropriate for those who are promiscuous. For most ethnic minorities with strong religious and cultural backgrounds there is a high importance attached to how women should behave when not married. The commitment to religion in ethnic minorities especially those from a Muslim and Christian background means for most women they have to maintain their virginity until married otherwise may be exposed to social consequences (Shripinda 2010). For example in Moroccan and Turkish groups women found to have lost their virginity can be killed in what is known as honour killing (Shripinda 2010). This view is still strongly upheld. Young Pakistani, Arabic and Greek orthodox females expressed resilient views on keeping the virginal state when entering marriage (Thomas et al 2005). Thomas et als (2005) study revealed young Pakistani women suggested they would go for a cervical screening only if the screener was not from their cultural background as they feared of being found out. Likewise in Boxs study (1998), sexually active unmarried wom en were afraid their doctor or receptionist could not be trusted as to the reason why they attended the GP. The unanimity on beliefs and attitudes towards cervical cancer is not shared across all types of ethnic groups of women. Interestingly the views of African women beliefs about cervical cancer are derived from superstition (Thomas et al, 2005). The African women in Thomas et als study (2005) believed cervical cancer was a taboo and that to mention cancer might cause the cancer to manifest. Furthermore cervical cancer was seen as a taboo more than other types of cancers. The evidence above provides a strong link between ethnic minorities cultural and religious beliefs as a barrier in cervical screening. Another concern over cervical screening was the issue of embarrassment. The cervical smear test is invasive and for most ethnic women the procedure can be physically and psychologically uncomfortable (Box 1998, Abdullahi et al 2009). The issue of embarrassment is particularly important to Somali women. For them the issue of embarrassment arises from female gender mutilation (FGM). WHO (2010) explains FGM as the total or partial removal of the external female genitalia. FGM in most cultures is as result of both cultural, religious and refers to back to the ideology of maintaining premarital virginity. For some Somali women there is the anticipation of embarrassment as result of the reaction from the doctor or nurse taking the samples (Abdullahi et al 2009). Consequently Abdullahi et al (2009) brings an understanding as to how FGM acts as a deterrence for Somali women in cervical screening. These studies (Naish et al 1994, Box 1998, Thomas et al 2005, Abdullahi 2009) have the use of focus groups in common. Though this suggests the appropriate use of focus groups in the study, it has its limitations. Parahoo (2006) states the disadvantage of focus groups is that dominant personalities can control the discussions. This was evident in Naish et al (1994), where it was noted that both Turkish and Kurdish women interacted spontaneously and informally compared to the other ethnic groups of women. This can affect the credibility of the study as the views of ethnic women perhaps only reflected those from Turkish and Kurdish backgrounds and not everyone else. Furthermore focus groups are not effective compared with in-depth interview in dealing with sensitive topics. For example in Abdullahis study (2009) the issue of promiscuity was discussed with discomfort. This presents one of the prime issues within focus groups, where participants may feel less inclined to discuss sensitive issues out of fear of scrutiny and criticism from others within the group. This is reinforced by Groups Plus (2003) who states that sensitive topics are easily discussed if participants in the group all share the same problem. The lack of knowledge of cervical screening is often prevalent in ethnic minority groups. Box (1998) identifies that there were misconceptions about the purpose of screening. Similarly Abdullahi et al (2009) found that Somali women failed to recognise the importance of cervical screening. This supports a previous study by Doyle (1991) which identified ethnic minorities unawareness of both the importance and existence of cervical screening. Somali women disregarded cervical screening because there was no cervical screening in Somalia; the concept of preventative health was also unfamiliar. The concept of preventative health is unaccustomed in some cultures. Doyle (1991) suggests in the Asian communities the reliance on folk medicines meant screening was outside the traditional views of healing. The disregard towards preventative health is perhaps underpinned by religious beliefs. Thomas et al (2005) found that many ethnic groups felt it was important to turn to religion as a form of c oping emotionally. There was a consensus amongst the groups that if things are left with God he resolves the problem. Despite the lack of knowledge of cervical screening amongst ethnic groups, other groups are more knowledgeable. Guajarati women in Boxs study (1998) were the only ones aware that cervical screening is able to detect pre-cancerous cells. Thomas et al (2005) found African groups were more able to identify cervical cancer as a commonly occurring cancer within their community. However age has an influential role on the amount knowledge that is embedded. Younger African-Caribbean participants had the least knowledge about cancer as there was a perception cancer affected older people (Thomas et al 2005). It appears that Thomas et als study (2005) has a methodological weakness. In their study they aimed to describe factors that act as barriers to effective uptake of breast and cervical screening. However the sample may not be representative of the target population as the sample consisted of men. Since men do not partake in breast and cervical screening, their inclusion may have distorted the findings, therefore reduces the transferability and credibility of the study. Regardless of this, Thomas et als (2005) study shows the significance in the link between age and lack of knowledge in cervical cancer. The lack of knowledge amongst ethnic minorities perhaps was as a result of language difficulties. If they were able to communicate and comprehend information they received then this could enhance their understanding and knowledge of cervical screening. The majority of ethnic women declared that translated information in their languages was often inadequate and difficult to make sense of (Naish et al 1994, Abdullahi 2009, Thomas et al 2005, Box 1998). The translated information was not only seen as a problem, but for some ethnic minority women who were illiterate translated information was still perplexing. As a result there was a preference for being told about the cervical test in their own languages rather than reading a translated script (Box 1998). External Barriers One major external barrier that was very frequently much expressed was the gender of the GP or screener. There were conceptions that if it was male practitioners that did the screening then women are less likely to uptake cervical screening. Some women in Boxs study (1998) felt that their bodies should only be seen by their husbands and it were adamant that the smear taker should be a female. Similarly Somali women, felt that as Muslim, women having a male practitioner taking the smears is inappropriate. Abdullahi et als (2009) study is significant in identifying and providing solutions to the barriers that discourages Somali women from up taking up cervical screening. This study is commended well on its originality as mentioned by Abdullahi (2009), and this was the only study investigating barriers to cervical screening that was found that focused on the views of Somali women. Conducting a study on Somali women brings new knowledge to this area of research as the Somali community do not lend themselves to research because they are seen to be invisible compared to other Muslim ethnic minorities (Information centre about Asylum and Refugees ( ICAR) 2004).However, Naish et al (1994) found that both Kurdish and Turkish women did not mind male practitioners, as they are used to male doctors in their home countries. Nonetheless it appeared that a female practitioner still had more favour compared to that of a male practitioner. From the evidence the preference for a female doctor is not only due to cultural or religious views but also due to the lack of understanding and insensitivity that male doctors display towards ethnic women having cervical smears. This is particularly demonstrated in Box et als study (1998, p.7) where a women stated the doctor was cross with me when I asked for the forceps (speculum) to be warmed, how would he feel if it was him? However Thomas et al (2005) suggests that this poor relationship between practitioners and patients was due to poor communication skills. In Thomas et als (2005) study BME women identified that the attitudes portrayed by their GP was very discouraging and at times it felt as if their GPs did not want them to be there. Moreover the issue of racism is problematic for ethnic minority women. For example in Box (1998) some of the Asian women were cited as being treated coldly by the smear taker because of their race. Health advocates noticed BME women were treate d less favourably than white women and when smears were taken they were provided with less comfort (Box 1998). Childcare issues also play an influential part in preventing ethnic women in up taking cervical smears. Naish et al (1994) found with many women, having children in the same room was very distracting. This view was also supported by Somali women who indicated the lack of childcare facilities was a barrier in attending cervical screening (Abdullahi et al 2009). There is a link between the perceived lack of sterility of equipment and the uptake of cervical screening. The views expressed by some ethnic women were that the speculum was not hygienic and that this could be a cause of cervical cancer instead of the association with HPV (Box 1998). One woman expressed the following concern; the cancer might be there [in the clinic] you never know they need to cover it with water, wash it all away Ive never seen them do that (Box 1998 , p.g 9). The view is also reiterated in Naish et als (1994) study, where Chinese women were adamant that the use of unsterile equipment could induce infections. This demonstrates how important the lack of knowledge amongst ethnic minorities can affect the uptake of cervical smears. Interventions that increase cervical screening Interventions that increase cervical screening such as health promotion, education, invitations, psychological interventions and media interventions are examined below. Kernohan (1996) investigated the effectiveness of community-based intervention to improve knowledge on the uptake of breast and cervical screening. The sample consisting of 1000 women from different ethnic backgrounds were involved in a health promotion intervention. The study focused on Bradfords main minority ethnic women (South Asian) and was concerned with the impact of health education programmes on the knowledge of cervical screening in South Asian women. Compared to the other ethnic groups South Asian women had the lowest level of knowledge on cervical smears, however their knowledge had considerably improved from 35.8% to 68.7% after the intervention. Kernohan (1996) study is noteworthy for depicting a positive correlation between health promotion and knowledge of cervical screening. However as this study was a pilot study this area of research would require further work in order to provide robust evidence. Furthermore kernohan (1996) did not look at the impact of increased k nowledge on the subsequent rate of uptake. Evidence from Abdullahi et al (2009) and Naish et al (1994) suggest that addressing barriers which deter women from having cervical smears can be used as interventions to increase cervical smear rates. The lack of knowledge of cervical screening is an apparent barrier in most ethnic women and a proposed solution would be to increase the levels of knowledge of cervical screening. Abdullahi et al (2009) suggests that education about the purpose of cervical screening is key to encouraging Somali women to attend for cervical screening. However, suggesting such solutions to overcome barriers to cervical screening without trial may be futile, since without some testing the solutions there remains a gap in understanding the impact of the intervention suggested by Abdullahi et al (2009). More importantly Sabates and Feinstein (2006) investigated the role of education on the uptake of preventative health care, in this case cervical screening. Sabates and Feinstein (2006) suggest that educational effects on the uptake of preventative health results in raising the awareness of and the importance of having a regular health check and therefore the inclination to uptake preventative health checks. The study found that women enrolled in courses or training leading to qualifications had a positive impact on the probability of the uptake of cervical smears. Sabates and Feinsteins (2006) study provides further support to the socio-economic determinants of the uptake of screening. However, the effectiveness of this particular intervention is limited as women within ethnic minorities tend to not achieve the accolades of adult learning as a result of cultural demands. According to YWCA (2011) some black minority ethnic women are missing from the school register and are pulled out of school as a result of family duties to marital commitment. A systematic review conducted by Forbes et al (2009) reviewed interventions targeted at women to encourage the uptake of cervical screening. It concluded that invitation letters and educational materials were the most effective types of interventions. However evidence from Stein et al (2002) suggests that invitation letters were not effective. Stein et al (2006) investigated the effectiveness of three methods of inviting women with a long history of non -attendance to undergo cervical screening. The methods of invitation were a telephone call from a nurse, a letter from a well-known celebrity and letter from the local NHS Cervical Screening Commissioner. A telephone call and a letter from a celebrity were ineffective. A letter from the commissioner resulted in a small increase in the uptake of cervical screening this was not statistically significant. Although Stein et al (2006) findings contradict that of Forbes et al (2009), this does not nullify the results of Forbes et als (2009) study. The findings from Stein et al (2005) highlight one of the limitations of doing a single study. Egger et al (2001) argues a single study often fails to detect a statistically significance between interventions when in fact such difference may exists, therefore are more likely to produce false negative results. Moreover, in the hierarchy of evidence for interventions, systematic reviews are at the top as they are more likely to produce a strong and less-biased synthesis of findings that to show whether the intervention has an effective outcome (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt 2010) . For this reason Forbes et al (2009) has a more valuable contribution towards knowledge on the interventions that increase the uptake of cervical screening. The NHS cervical screening programme (2011) highlights that encouraging women through reminders such as invitation letters is exceptionally important; this may not be as effective in motivating ethnic minority women to attend cervical screening. Some ethnic minority women are more likely to ignore invitation letters if translation is unavailable ( Naish et al 1994). On the other hand, there is a link between planning when, where and how of making an appointment and the success rate in uptake of cervical screening. This is referred to as implementation intentions the initiation of behaviour is determined if the conditions when, where and how are planned (Bartholomew et al 2011).This was demonstrated by Sheeran and Orbell (2000) who tested the concept of implementation intentions as a method to increase non-attendance in cervical screening. It was found that the participants who produced implementation intentions were much more likely to attend for a cervical smear test compared to th e control group. This demonstrates how empowering women to have more control on the choices in arranging their appointments can significantly encourage the uptake of cervical screening. This supports Abdullahi et al s (2009) study where it was identified that inconvenient appointment times were also considered to be a barrier. Consequently the use of implementation intention as an intervention is noteworthy of encouraging ethnic women to uptake cervical screening. Furthermore, an area of research that would increase existing knowledge is to investigate implementation intentions on ethnic minority women and subsequent uptake of cervical smears, in order to provide strong evidence for such intervention. The media has potentially an important role on the uptake of cervical screening. Howe et al (2002) investigated the impact of a television soap opera on the NHS cervical screening programme. Using a retrospective analysis on information of the NHS cervical screening databases, during the 6 month of the storyline, the number of smears performed in women whose previous smears were compared to women who had smears taken previously that year. The storyline involved a character that missed her regular screening appointments; later she was diagnosed with cervical cancer and 6 weeks later she died. Howe et al (2002) found that there were substantial increases in the number of cervical smears- from 65 714 in 2001, to 79,712 in 2002, 19 weeks after the storyline. This demonstrates a significant link between the effects of media in motivating women to take up cervical screening. In support is the impact of a celebrity profile on uptake of cervical screening. The media coverage of Jade Goody fr om diagnosis of cervical cancer till death has been an influential motive for some women to uptake cervical screening. Parkers (2010) reports that, since the media coverage of Jade Goodys case, figures from NHS Rotherham showed an 80% improvement rate in the uptake of cervical screening. Discussion From reviewing the literature it is apparent that increasing the uptake of cervical screening amongst ethnic minority women poses a challenging problem. Ethnic minority women are faced with internal and external barriers that play an important role on their non- attendance for cervical screening. It appears the internal and external barriers are interrelated. For instance the issue of embarrassment may arise as a result of being screened by a male practitioner, as well as FGM particularly in the case of Somali women as stated earlier. Moreover the culturally sensitive issues such as the loss of virginity still pays a price tag in many cultures and the stigmatisation attached towards it means some young ethnic minority women might feel reluctant to take up cervical smears. Needless to say the extent to which a barrier act as a deterrent to the uptake of cervical screening is very much culturally dependent. Women from African cultures see cervical cancer as a taboo, where as in Asian cultures cervical cancer is perceived as a disease for those who are promiscuous. Additionally, the cultural attitudes and beliefs may be a stronger barrier than child care issues for some ethnic minority women, whilst the sterility of equipment may have a stronger influence than the issue of embarrassment. The lack of knowledge was the most common barrier that was revealed and it appears this has not changed over the years amongst ethnic minority groups ( Box 1998, Thomas et al 2005 , Abdullahi et al 2009). From evaluating the interventions, it remains substantial that socioeconomic factors (lack of knowledge and education) are predictors in determining ethnic minority women attendance for cervical screening. For this reason, it would be beneficial for communities where ethnic minorities are prevalent to have health promotion projects that produce the awareness of cervical screening (kernohan 1996). There was sufficient evidence to suggest language difficulties as an important factor in deterring ethnic minority women from the uptake of cervical screening. Though research has not tested the effect of bilingual services as an intervention to increase cervical screening, an area in practice that needs room for improvement is the use bilingual services and bilingual interpreters in the cervical screening recall system. Forbes et al (2009) research supports the use of invitation letters as an intervention to improve the uptake of cervical screening and currently still remains the most popular intervention used. Therefore a recommendation for practice would be for invitation letters to be printed in the languages of ethnic minorities. What was interesting and surprising, was the issue of racism as a barrier to the uptake of cervical screening. The ethnic minority often experience health inequalities as a result of racism, karlsen (2007) reports racism can lead to differences in treatment and access to health promoting resources for the ethnic minority. This was reflected in Box (1998) where Asian women expressed their concerns of being treated coldly and treated indecently as a result of their race. This area highlights the need for a change within the health services offered to ethnicity minorities in the UK. More importantly a contribution to research would be to tackle racism as an intervention to encourage ethnic minority women in the uptake of cervical screening (Szczepura 2005). Furthermore training needs to be put in place for health professionals to understand and embrace the forms of cultural and religious beliefs amongst ethnic minorities in order to reduce prejudice and discriminatory practices. This would be particularly important to women from ethnic minorities where FGM is seen as a custom practice. Denniston et al (2001) states FGM continues to take place in many cultures around the world; health practitioners and screeners need to be taught to take a sensitive and a considerable approach when screening women with FGM. Sheeran and Orbells study (2000) makes a positive contribution towards the issue of improving the uptake of cervical screening in women from ethnic minority groups. The use of implementation intentions seemed to have an effect on women in their attendance for cervical screening. Implementation intentions would be advantageous for some ethnic minority women. Planning when, where and how an appointment would address some of the barriers identified, including the gender of the screener, ensuring that a bilingual interpreter was present, so if needed information given could be clarified. Thomas et al (2005) implies that the planning of an appointment for ethnic minority groups, especially for those with religious festivals is important. Ethnic women given the chance to decide when their appointment should take place would eradicate inconveniences such as being invited for screening during Ramadan. However further research would be necessary to establish the effectiveness as well as the c ost-effectiveness of using implementation intentions amongst ethnic minority women and the uptake of cervical screening. To conclude, this literature review examined how to increase the uptake of cervical screening amongst ethnic minority women in the UK. The evidence discussed in this review has explored the internal barriers and external barriers that deter ethnic women in the uptake of cervical screening. It is hard to change peoples behaviour because of what we believe in and how this has shaped our social norms and values. Therefore to increase the uptake of cervical screening amongst ethnic minority groups remains complex and inconclusive. With the evidence examined in this review, the interventions (health promotion, education, implementation intentions, invitation letters and the media) to improve the attendance and uptake of cervical screening noticeably have an influential impact in encourag

Movie: Whats Eating Gilbert Grape Essay -- essays research papers

Movie: What's Eating Gilbert Grape "What's Eating Gilbert Grape", as directed by Lasse Hallstrom, is a comedy, drama, romance, all wrapped up into one grand movie. Leonardo DiCaprio plays a mentally impaired boy with a caring brother, who always took care of his brother until the love of his life came to town, proposing the essential question: What is a boy willing to sacrifice in order to be with the one he loves? Johnny Deep plays Gilbert Grape whose father left when he was little, causing his mother to become depressed and never leave the house again. Gilbert referees to her as a â€Å"beached whale† because she has gained so much weight. One afternoon a silver camper had engine trouble, forcing them to stay in town for a few weeks until it is fixed...