British American Tobacco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

English American Tobacco - Essay Example It is archived that the organization was shaped in 1902 by joining Imperial Tobacco Company of United Kingdom with American Tobacco Company of USA. The subsequent organization was then alluded to as the British-American Tobacco Company Ltd. The name later changed to British American Tobacco plc which quickly started sincere expansion in nations everywhere throughout the world with the exception of the United Kingdom and USA, the parent nations. This paper endeavors to introduce a basic examination of the techniques embraced by BAT since 2003, an investigation of its condition of activity just as an assessment of its capability to stay a significant player in the worldwide tobacco business. There is likewise a concise end given toward the finish of the paper. Since the year 2003, British American Tobacco Company set up huge key activities which saw it develop from a territorial organization to a worldwide aggregate. To accomplish its present status, BAT utilized a bunch of techniques. At the beginning, the tobacco organization chose to develop naturally by expanding its piece of the overall industry in existing markets and furthermore through entering new markets. This procedure expected BAT to expand its market infiltration in the tobacco business while simultaneously watching cost productivity. Curiously enough, natural development was supposedly extremely fruitful however with colossal cost suggestions. With this impact, BAT figured out how to build natural deals volumes of its four fundamental brands to be specific Dunhill, Kent, Pall Mall and Lucky Strike (as refered to in Lee and Collin, 2006). Furthermore, these top brands are accounted for to have seen an expansion of 8% in volumes in 2003 as showed in Lee and Collin (2006) with f urther desires for stunningly better execution in 2005. This projection in development by volume was characteristic of some natural development particularly notwithstanding troublesome circumstances in some key markets (Lee and Collin, 2006). Then again, to upgrade its broadening program, British American Tobacco went into association with R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company on 11 June 2006 to make Camel brand of cigarettes in Sweden. This stamped piece of the organization's methodology of development through cautious acquisitions just as some natural development and offer trades in the long haul to acknowledge high single figure income (Glantz, 2000). Consequently monetarily alluring mergers and acquisitions were finished up in close progression to give BAT development openings. A land mark obtaining came in 2003 when BAT gained Ente Tabacchi Italiani, Italy's state tobacco organization, in this way raising BAT to the number two opening in Italy. This procurement had gone ahead the impact points of a previous one of Rothmans International in 1999 which had some nearness in Burma (Glantz, 2000). At long last, in 2008 BAT procured Turkey's state-possessed cigarette creator Tekel (as refered to in Glantz, 2000). In my compliment s about natural development for BAT, its veracious hunger for advertise infiltration raised a great deal of analysis from human rights bunches especially with the Rothmans International henceforth compelling BAT to sell a lot of the production line in 2003 purportedly after an uncommon solicitation from the British government (Mackey, Mackey and Barney, 2007). Publicizing and advancement likewise denoted another technique utilized by BAT since 2003. This methodology was

Free States V Slave States Essay

Informative Marijuana Speech Essay

Maryjane, the â€Å"Killer Drug† as it has been called, has been around for longer than you might suspect a. Individuals truly don’t know the inceptions or the properties of the plant by any stretch of the imagination. b. Not just has the use of pot developed as of late, however the quantity of strains and uses have developed also. Recently state enactment the country over have permitted cannabis for clinical and even recreational use. Anyway there are as yet many out there against maryjane, saying it’s destructive for you or makes you languid and preoccupied Change: The developing of weed on American soil really goes back to the 1600’s as Hemp and wasn’t considered the â€Å"Killer Drug† until around 1910 Body: 1. In those days hemp was utilized to deliver rope, sails, and attire. a. All imperative completed items that the settlers depended on to live. 2. Actually in 1619 the Virginia Assembly passed an enactment that necessary every single rancher to develop hemp on their property. a. Hemp originates from the strands of a weed plant stem. b. Hemp turned out to be imperative to the point that it really was viewed as a lawful delicate in pioneer markets. I. Truth be told the Deceleration of Independence was composed on hemp. 3. Anyway in those days, nobody thought to each crush it and put it in a funnel like individuals do these days. 4. As the nineteenth century moved around numerous drug stores started utilizing at refined hemp, cannabis, in numerous meds to treat infirmities extending from a toothache to a messed up heart. 5. Maryjane didn’t get an awful name until 1910 during the Mexican Revolution. a. During the unrest Mexicans came over the fringe in waves and with them they acquainted weed for recreational utilizations with the U.S. residents b. The plant became related with the outsiders, and the open dread and bias got one with pot. Any horrible wrongdoing that was submitted by a Mexican migrant was accused on weed. I. That’s simply out of line sincerely. c. It took until the 1960’s for cannabis to be utilized broadly in America. I. Reports appointed by JFK and Johnson found that weed had no synthetic compounds present that prompted viciousness nor lead to heavier medication use. (PBS) Transition: Since then cannabis aficionados went full scale making new strains with various purposes and â€Å"highs† as you’d call it. 1. A strain is a particular kind of weed, similar to a particular animal types. 2. All strains of weed originate from two fundamental sorts. a. Sativa and Indica. 3. Sativa plants for the most part develop tall and flimsy and are more qualified for outside cultivating on the grounds that it’s difficult to grow a plant inside that can now and then arrive at 25 feet in stature a. Likewise the Sativa high you get is increasingly known to give vitality and can be very inspiring to the client. This elevating vitality likewise starts innovativeness in which you can see in numerous specialists and artists work. 4. Indica plants are about the specific inverse. They are more qualified to indoor developing since its inclination to develop short and wide. a. The high you get from indica is generally a lethargic, tired high. â€Å"Couch Locked† as individuals like to call it. Indica strains will in general have an exceptionally solid sweet or acrid scent to the buds that can be unwinding and is useful while rewarding extreme nervousness, resting clutters, and general body torment. 5. Anyway these two strains are normally reproduced together to focus on certain type of impacts that can be more qualified to get diseases or simply be far increasingly amusing to smoke. Change: Currently the lawmakers around the nation have started passing enactment on the lawful employments of maryjane. 1. The same number of individuals definitely know Colorado and Washington both have sanctioned weed for recreational use. a. Some may state California has as well, yet now it’s still expected to be exclusively for therapeutic purposes, and you will be captured without the correct licenses to have weed. b. Starting at now there are 20 states in the country that have some type of authorization. I. Two states, California and Washington, have totally authorized weed. ii. Though the other 18 states have either decriminalized ownership, making it a common fine as opposed to criminal, or has made it achievable for therapeutic use. c. The country is making strides, gradually, to authorization in all cases. Change: However the legitimate utilization of weed just doesn’t advantage patients withâ painful sicknesses, or individuals simply attempting to unwind and make some great memories. It could profit the nation’s economy. Definitely. 1. Weed is at present one of the biggest money crops in the country, and the administration is getting no advantage from it a. Starting at right now it is the biggest money crop in 3 expresses, a best 3 yield in 30, and a main 5 harvest in 39 states. (NCBS). I. These benefits are promptly available too. 2. Since there has never been a period of far reaching legitimate use among the nation’s individuals, it’s extremely difficult to pass judgment on the sort of benefits that will originate from the deals. a. Business analysts for NBC have decided this new market can raise somewhere in the range of 10 to even 40 billion, yet with the possibility to develop to even 100 billion yearly. Change: It’s evident that the selling of weed can produce huge benefits, however do you realize the medical advantages and dangers? 1. Leading there has never been a recorded overdose passing due to weed. a. That’s two or three million passings shy of liquor and tobacco cause 2. Weed is utilized by malignant growth patients to decrease torment and instigate hunger. a. I’d like to cite a secondary school mate of mine who was determined to have disease at 18 â€Å"They state pot smoking is access to harder drugs†¦ I state it’s a passage to the nearby drive thro ugh.† 3. As per the University of California, maryjane has been known to expand joy, decrease nervousness, and may even contain malignancy forestalling synthetic compounds. a. Be that as it may, long haul utilization has likewise been connected to expanded schizophrenia at a more established age, just as brought down IQ’s in youthful creating minds. 4. The central issue is it addictive? a. Some state â€Å"yes totally addictive! You’ll decay your psyche out kid!† b. Researchers guarantee that maryjane is addictive, others guarantee the inverse. (WeedBlog) c. On the off chance that you asked a client anyway they’d disclose to you straight up â€Å"I can stop at whatever point I need, I simply pick not to.† d. I’m going to cite the late entertainer Richard Neville here â€Å"Is cannabis addictive? Truly, as in the majority of the extremely lovely things in life are worth repeating.† Transition: Hopefully I had the option to reveal some insight onto y’all about an exceptionally disputable subject in our cutting edge society. Completion 1. So next time you judge somebody for smoking down, consider what I’ve let you know. a. Its history in the U.S. goes back before the Deceleration of Independence was agreed upon. I. Craftsmen from everywhere throughout the world for a long time credit pot to their imagination and achievement. ii. It’s one of only a handful barely any all common drugs out there with no terrible reactions. iii. Also we as a people are only years from full legitimization. b. Cannabis has been dug in our general public for quite a while, and it’ll be here for considerably more.

Leadership Style of Obama and Mahatma Gandhi Free Samples

Question: Talk about the Leadership Style of Obama and Mahatma Gandhi. Answer: Presentation The world well known pioneers have some natural and particular qualities that recognize them from rest of the world. Alongside it, the extraordinary pioneers regard others, their privileges, poise and the qualities. It is considered as moral administration. Analysts and average citizens constantly certain inquiries in regards to which attributes recognize the pioneers from the group and whether these authority characteristics can be achieved. The initiative style of an individual is additionally reliant upon the circumstance. In the present, the initiative styles have developed from imperious and mandate to participative and law based. There are some essential qualities that separate an incredible pioneer from others, for example, the extraordinary pioneers consistently abandon a heritage them and qualities or standards are followed considerably after their lives, the expressions of the incredible pioneers are recollected by numerous ages after them and they are as yet significant in their unique situation and the extraordinary pioneers are constantly spoken with deference and regard (Lorg, 2007). The extraordinary pioneers regard various societies and recognize the significant contrasts. It is called multicultural initiative. These pioneers originate from enhanced foundations, some from humble beginnings and some from well-to-do families. All the incredible pioneers have some basic qualities like they are constantly moral, centered, simply, reasonable and compassionate (Gini Green, 2013). In a business domain, the administration and the association issues are incorporated with the human brain research to discover better answers for the issues. This cross-disciplinary field is called initiative brain research. The mission statement of the exposition is, To analyze the initiative of Mahatma Gandhi and Barack Obama and distinguish whose administration style is increasingly significant in the current setting. Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandh) was conceived in 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat in a prosperous family. He prepared to fill in as an advodate and worked for a concise period in India. Notwithstanding, as Gandhi was too timid to even consider speaking in court, he moved to South Africa, wherein he was moved by the foul play with which the settler Indians was dealt with. After very nearly twenty years he moved back to India to challenge the British rulers and the misuse of the Indians (Leadership Lime, 2016). Moral Leadership: Gandhi was philanthropic, a moral head, he trusted in peacefulness and challenged prejudice and separation. The essential attributes of Gandhi initiative style were that he was charming, motivational and visionary. One of the inborn qualities of extraordinary pioneers is their moral direct and social duty. The pioneers consistently show high moral measures and recognize the ethical results of their choices (Eisenbeiss, 2012). It is seen in the Gandhis approach of peacefulness, in which it is accepted the option to live is the crucial right of each individual and ought not be breeched regardless. The possibility of peacefulness is exhibited my numerous researchers as the most progressive thought of the 21st century (McMahon, 2004). Initiative Style or Evolution of Leadership: The way objective initiative is characterized as an administration style wherein the authority style is centered around accomplishing the objectives. In Gandhis discourses, the heinous idea of the British guidelines was introduced by the vales of good support and speaking to estimations of the mass open. Besides, in the Gandhis discourses the language used to pressure his likeness with the adherents, their value and connecting the past, present and the future and theoretical topics that spoke to people in general. The aggregate center, forceful and dynamic discourse brought about mass intrigue and following of Gandhi (Bligh and Robinson, 2010). The appealling pioneers frequently protects the greater part of the control and don't confide in another person without any problem. Accordingly, this initiative style doesn't yield replacements and visionaries. Administration Theories: He was likewise a transformational pioneer. He was a charming pioneer. In this initiative style, the pioneer has a veritable worry for the government assistance of the devotees and has moral qualities inserted in his techniques and activities. He urged individuals to tail him in broad daylight drives and dissent against the separation in a peaceful way. Multicultural Leadership: The progressive methodologies and the authority style of Mahatma Gandhi are regarded through various societies and different western nations. Gandhi set tat social and language decent variety are the inherent qualities of India and British guideline can't segregate the individuals upon its premise (Barnabas and Clifford, 2012). Correspondence and assorted variety are the significant standards of Gandhi. He additionally expressed that mind separation it turns out to be progressively hard for the various human advancements to coincide neighboring. The multicultural administration style expresses that the pioneer must have the option to explore through various culture and regard them. Subsequently, Gandhi was a multicultural pioneer (Soo, 2012). Brain research of authority: It could be scrutinized that the character of Gandhi goes under the classification of Agreeableness in the large five character characteristics. It is the character characteristic to be helpful, sympathetic, delicate and kind. It is likewise emphatically related to charming character and initiative style (Raad, 2000). The character of Gandhi is described by his real appearance, half-bare which identified with the basic man around then. He was savage yet modest. Another prime part of his character was his charm and information which has affected numerous ages and gains adherents at present moreover. He was compassionate, flexible, uplifting and enticing. He trusted in his motivation, has steadiness and was key. He embraced the methodologies of peacefulness and Satyagraha to battle against the British guideline. The mission statement of the article can be rehashed as, Mahatma Gandhi was an appealling pioneer who embraced the way objective initiative style. He was a moral and multicultural pioneer and went under pleasantness classification in authority character. Barack Obama Barack Obama was conceived in 1961 and turned into the 44th leader of USA. He was conceived in Hawaii and his mom was of English parentage though his dad was Kenyan. 1n 1988, Obama took a crack at the graduate school, exceeded expectations in scholastics and become the leader of the lofty Harvard Law Review (Military Center, 2016). Administration Ethics: In spite of the fact that President Obama didn't show his administration characteristics prior, later he understood that he needs to change the world for improvement. His vision was preacher and he was persevering in any event, when he experienced disappointment at first. The essential qualities of the transformational authority style are that it gives motivation and impact adherents to be progressively gainful (Green and Roberts, 2012). It could be investigated that President Obama is a moral chief and executes moral standards in the entirety of his activities. As of late, a few activities of President Obama, for example, medicinal services changes, endorsement of gay marriage and less reliance on the outside oil has made him a perfect head. He is known to face individual challenge for the government assistance of the general public and sending his message. Obama made approaches in a few dubious subjects that could have exploded backward him which shows that he can face challenge fo r taking right choices. In all the discourses of the Barack Obama, the shrouded message of a network is normal. He utilizes pronouns like we and us which permits the individuals to relate to him and his motivation (Calhoun, 2016). Authority Theories and Evolution of Leadership: The initiative style of President Obama mirrors that he is a transformational pioneer. In his open discourses, it very well may be inspected that Obama is drawing in and alluring with people in general. He attempts to make associations with the individuals all over America. He is likewise persuading and fabricates relationship with the individuals. These qualities of his character plainly adjust him to transformational initiative style. A transformational pioneer is continually thinking about his supporters. He likewise takes choice as a team with his adherents. The transformational authority style is the initiative style that stresses changing the supporters. In this initiative style, the pioneers are propelling towards their adherents and convey extraordinary execution that rouses the supporters to work be increasingly profitable, effective (Bass and Riggio, 2006). Brain research of Leadership: In his open appearances, Obama is appeared as clever and legitimate. He is exhibited demonstrating knowledge in his key activities and arrangements. The character characteristics of Barack Obama are coordinated effort, definitiveness, scholar, individual time, trustworthiness, sympathy and valor (Advise America, 2016; Renshon, 2012). Multicultural Leadership As the President Obama is from multicultural foundation, he can relate with various societies and regard the uniqueness and peculiarity of each culture. Multicultural authority is particularly significant in a nation as socially and ethnically assorted as the United States of America. The childhood of President Obama in Indonesia and Hawaii made him aware of various societies. It is an act of fusing the practices and estimations of assorted societies in an aware way (Marranis, 2016; Zennie, 2011). The mission statement of the paper can be rehashed as, Barack Obama is a transformational pioneer. He is a moral and multicultural pioneer who is a savvy individual. Correlation These pioneers have certain moxy and appeal that persuade a great many individuals to tail them. The initiative style of both Gandhi and Obama was very extraordinary albeit both were fruitful in tending to their vision and destinations. In the current occasions, the authority style of Obama I

Stalin`s Purges Essays - GermanySoviet Union Relations, Soviet Union

Stalin's Purges Not exactly a month prior to Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 and begun World War II, he marked a non-animosity agreement with Stalin. Under two a long time later, he broke the settlement and attacked the Soviet Union in the early morning long stretches of June 22, 1941. There were a lot of proof for German hostility before the war broke out, yet Stalin by and by marked the agreement which contained the mystery convention that partitioned Poland among Germany and the Soviet Association. The explanation behind marking the settlement were mind boggling, yet one of the most significant ones were the residential elements. Among them, the horrible impact of the cleanses during the 1930s on the populace, economy and particularly the military. The cleanses were set off on December 1, 1934 with the homicide of Sergei Kirov. He was an individual from the Politburo, pioneer of the Leningrad party device and had impressive impact in the decision tip top. His anxiety for the laborers in Leningrad and his aptitude as a speaker earned him significant prominence. Stalin utilized his homicide as an appearance for propelling a wide cleanse that would guarantee a huge number of casualties and have enduring repercussion felt right up 'til today. Stalin never visited Leningrad again and guided one of his generally horrible post-War cleanses against the city - Russia's notable window toward the West. No section of the general public was left immaculate by the cleanses. Any individual who caused the scarcest doubt was evacuated and various lawmaking body was instituted to help authorize them. In 1935 a law was passed which brought down the period of criminal duty. That implied capital punishment could be applied to twelve-year-old youngsters (McCauley, p.93). There was likewise a frenzy reaction in the essential party associations to remove and uncover individuals so as to secure oneself what's more, to show cautiousness (Getty, p.213) The butcher of military started on 12 June 1937 when Tukhachevsky and some top armed force men were executed, at that point spread to bring down positions and afterward to political comissars. The nave was totally executed, each of the eight chief naval officers dying. Here's a grave rundown of the top dead: 3 out of 5 marshals, 14 out of 16 Army commandants Class I and II, 8 out of 8 Admirals, 60 out of 67 Corps Commanders, 136 out of 199 Divisional Commanders, 221 out of 397 Brigade Commanders (McCauley, p.95) In November 1939, Stalin requested an assault on Finland to move the wilderness further away from Leningrad after the Finns didn't consent to the concessions Soviets advertised. This campaign was a finished disaster. It cost the as of now devastated Red Army around 200,000 dead and more were injured, while just 23,000 Finns kicked the bucket (McCauley, p.101). A harmony bargain was marked on 12 March, 1940, however the inadequacy and shortcoming of the Red Army was uncovered to the remainder of the world. This is something Hitler recorded it for sometime later. From that point forward, and confronted with expanding German animosity, Stalin couldn't hazard being entangled in a war. Hitler was in an extraordinary rush. An assault on Poland was booked for late August. Before the finish of July the Nazis understood that they should reach concurrence with the Soviets very soon if these plans were to be securely actualized. Hitler consented to follow through on the Soviet cost for a settlement. The open content of the Nazi-Soviet Pact was just an understanding of nonaggression and lack of bias, alluding as a point of reference to the German-Soviet impartiality agreement of 1926 (Berlin Settlement). The genuine understanding was in a mystery convention which as a result apportioned not just Poland (along the line of the Vistula), yet quite a bit of Eastern Europe. To the Soviets were distributed Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Bessarabia; to the Nazis, everything toward the West of these locales, including Lithuania. Each of the two signatories was to ask the other no inquiries about the mien of its own ''circle of intrigue. This nonaggression settlement, combined with the exchange settlement and game plans for enormous scope trade of crude materials and deadly implements, added up to a union. Submission in Eastern Europe would divert German hostility toward the west. Considering the terrible state of Russian powers realized from inside and the serious issues of the economy, this was essential for Stalin. As it were, by marking the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Agreement, he was purchasing however much time as could reasonably be expected to attempt get ready for the inescapable. The unavoidable occurred on June 22, 1941. Molotov broke to the Russian individuals the inauspicious news about the German assault. Stalin, as though humiliated by the unfortunate breakdown of his

Finding Free Samples of Writing For Descriptive Essays

Finding Free Samples of Writing For Descriptive EssaysThere are free samples of writing for descriptive essays to choose from. You can always learn a lot by going through them.You can find some really good free samples of writing for descriptive essays. If you do not get the details of the types of situations that need to be described, you may not write a good paper or essay. You may be forced to use personal details and facts that you would not really like to share.There are also free samples of writing for descriptive essays that require some information. You may not get the idea of what a research project is, but you can easily remember the topics of each section that is given to you.You can find some really good free samples of writing for descriptive essays in books and journals. These samples are used in schools and colleges to teach students to write a paper and essay on a certain topic.Some of the free samples of writing for descriptive essays are created by colleges and univ ersities, especially in writing or speech competitions. These competitions require students to create an essay, and they are allowed to use any and all writing materials.Sometimes there are some instructions that students must follow, including guidelines about the type of writing needed for a college level essay or a speech. In these cases, there are some free samples of writing for descriptive essays.Sometimes professional writers will send you an example of their work. You will have to make some changes if you want to produce your own work.You can also create a brief description of the description that you have prepared for the competition. This will help you get a good sample of writing for descriptive essays. This will save you a lot of time and effort as you work on your essay.

Symbolic Sacraments in The Ladies Paradise - Literature Essay Samples

When Napoleon III assumed power in 19th-century France, he immediately established himself as a man dedicated to progress. The programs of his Second Empire established remarkable achievements, spanning from a revolutionary new banking system to a newly flourishing economy. While many of his foreign endeavors failed, Napoleon III successfully formed a country that dazzled commercially, often to the bewilderment of its citizens. Across such a backdrop splashes Emile Zola’s novel The Ladies’ Paradise, the presentation of one typical shop girl’s experience in that environment. Protagonist Denise Baudu and her peers grapple dramatically with a key new phenomenon of this economy: the department store, a polished spectacle with a seedy underbelly. All flaws aside, store owner Octave Mouret establishes a business sphere so awe-inspiring, it assumes a presence almost theological in nature. With the flawless beauty The Ladies’ Paradise exudes, Mouret generate s followers of Capitalism, an exciting new â€Å"religion† that parallels the traditional seven sacraments of France’s predominant Catholic values.From the beginning, readers sense a glimmering breath of life washing over the store, consumers and retailers essentially baptizing each other as they welcome their new faith. This image manifests itself through the story as the store continues to evolve. Denise sees this before even entering the store: she describes the way the store dummies come to life, saying that â€Å"passions in the street were giving life to the materials: the laces shivered†¦the lengths of cloth, thick and square, were breathing†¦[and] the dummies†¦were acquiring souls† (16). Meanwhile, a coat is â€Å"billowing out, supple and warm, as if on shoulders of flesh and blood, with a heaving breast and quivering hips† (16). What seemed so simple before, in the age of more individualized shops, simply needs a sprinkling of glamour to transform into a great power, just as Catholics use a sprinkling of holy water to baptize an individual as part of God’s world by their definition. The dazzled crowd outside and the dazzling products inside seem to bring each other to life, giving the incentive to thrive on the religion Mouret so confidently preaches.A more straightforward baptismal image washes over shoppers later on in the story, when Mouret cloaks his store in white. Traditional baptismal rites include some form of delicate white garments, a â€Å"virginal whiteness† (398) that symbolizes purity and innocence. When The Ladies’ Paradise holds its great white sale, it is unveiling a much different store than it once was. In fact, it is a colossal neighborhood of a store, showcasing a beauty advertised as the â€Å"biggest shop in the world, as the advertisements said† (396). This religious propaganda never fails to disappoint, as shoppers experience a snowy cathedral like none other. From a white swansdown hall to complimentary white violets, the effect is a breathtaking â€Å"hymn of praise to white, which all the materials in the shop were singing† (398). Despite the confusion and crowds, the glowing display suggests an underlying tranquility. The shoppers who embrace this hymn have found a blissfully innocent serenity with Capitalism that rivals the more typical baptism—and is just as life-altering in their Victorian world.While baptism is a crucial part of young Catholics’ faith, such observers also dutifully subscribe to the concept of confirmation. Similar in nature to baptism, confirmation is a way of confirming and strengthening one’s belief in God when one is old enough to understand the significance of such a rite. The adolescent’s grace with Him grows with the ritual, a testament to his or her piety. Similarly, a lady’s journey towards confirmation begins almost immediately after she has been baptized, that is, introduced to the wonder of Mouret’s store. From this point of view, then, a reader might argue that the novel as a whole is the story of Denise’s journey towards confirmation. Initially, she is an outsider who admires the â€Å"church† but is too shy even to step foot inside. After being hired, she undergoes an arduous journey that tests her faith, even as she is fired, subsequently re-hired, and finally leaves. Yet, ultimately, she proves her devotion through her supreme dedication to fine customer service, with her â€Å"gentleness and charm† (330). It is this kind of motivated hard work that drives Capitalism, so for all her disgust with the system, Denise actually shows that she is one of its most pious followers. In fact, the consumers Denise serves are brought up to believe her religion from quite an early age. When she becomes the head of the children’s department, she thrives, blossoming from the â€Å"innocence and freshness ceaselessly renewed around her† (354). Child after child becomes smitten with the capitalistic cathedral before her, receiving Mouret’s blessing as quickly as their mothers can pay. While the youngest are entirely in parental hands, older youths prove their love of this religion easily, many undergoing confirmation by the age of ten. Denise observes young girls of this age experimenting with clothes, often trying on a garment and â€Å"study[ing] it in front of a looking-glass, turning round with an absorbed look, her eyes shining with the desire to please† (354). Persuading one’s mother to buy more is an easy matter, and as Denise can see, children’s power of persuasion can be one of the strongest money-makers of all. By becoming involved with purchases, young girls please a trinity of individuals: themselves, Capitalist society as a whole, and those working in the store itself—above all Mouret, the Pope of The Ladiesâ⠂¬â„¢ Paradise.As the store develops into a major Parisian highlight, Mouret expands his fast-growing religion to include avenues beyond women’s and children’s products alone, including other attractions to draw women into His Paradise. One such attraction, the buffet area, echoes of the Catholic sacrament of the Eucharist. Though Mouret is more easily perceived as a pope-like figure because he does not actually create Capitalism or department stores himself, his remarkable innovations in marketing can conceivably put him in the role of a deity. Readers can see that his passion flows through all he does—including these very refreshments. Much like the nearby reading- and writing-room, this type of luxury is a testament to the accomplishments Mouret has achieved, both in generating financial dominance and in converting ladies over to his expanding religion. Transforming shopping to include pure leisure, his store truly lives up to its name now. With such tr eats as fruit cordial and small cakes, people seem to â€Å"los[e] all shame before the free refreshments† (246). As always, passing up a free gift proves impossible, even silly. What these women do not realize is that each sip and every bite is packed with Mouret’s ambition and love, the very essence of the paradise he has established. While the Eucharist suggests that Christ’s soul is present in holy bread and wine, the Eucharist of this story more closely resembles a Protestant perspective of the rite: a symbolic representation of soul, rather than a literal presence. Regardless of denomination, however, the effects of the holy rite simmer with a similarly significant fervor.Such fervor can serve as an excellent spiritual force, but much to employees’ chagrin, it can also lead to dastardly sinning, for which proper penance must be paid. Shoppers most notably sin against Capitalism by means of shoplifting. The store’s bounty of attractive mer chandise, coupled with a bevy of customers to occupy employees, clearly invites this type of theft. Because those involved are relatively well-to-do, employees frequently hush up these incidents, but guilty parties undergo a considerable amount of embarrassment when caught. When Jouve catches frequent customer Madame de Boves stealing lace, for instance, he lets her go with no legal trouble. She must confess, and absolve for her misdemeanor via a hefty donation to the poor. This penance, so mild for the year-long thefts that â€Å"had become a sensual pleasure necessary to her existence† (422), protects her reputation, but is nevertheless a highly emotional undertaking. As Mouret laments, the store is â€Å"a regular den of thieves, robbed, pillaged, looted† (340). Still, whenever possible, the sinners he despises must face considerable reconciliation—in a manner as humane as possible for their social context, yet still sufficiently severe. Mouretâ€℠¢s powerhouse reaps severe consequences not just for sinners, but also for the more innocent small business owners around him. However, his religion can also aid individuals, mirroring Catholics’ practice of anointing of the sick. Designed to provide inward grace, this rite allegedly establishes spiritual and sometimes even physical strength during an individual’s illness. As much as Denise’s uncle detests The Ladies’ Paradise, the store inarguably provides solace for his niece and many others like her in times of struggle. Denise’s start at the store, difficult though it is, does give her hope of a successful life. For her, Clara, Pauline and countless other shop girls, the store presents a solid foundation of housing, meals, and money. Denise’s salvation from a destitute existence allows her to spread the grace to her own brothers. Jean, for instance, continually destroys himself through his affairs with women—constantly beg ging Denise for money, even though â€Å"the idea that he was killing her and taking Pepe’s share as well affected him so much that he began to cry† (176)—but because Denise embraces Capitalism, she can save him from utter ruin, time after time. Denise herself gains both spiritual and physical strength through her earnings and the success she attains, a direct gift from Mouret. In good Christian spirit, however, this gift has a domino effect, as Denise pays that sense of comfort forward to her ever-ailing brother.Denise, a far less promiscuous specimen then Jean, undergoes a considerable amount of ailing in regards to her own Capitalist love life. Catholicism presents two main options in regards to love: follow the Holy Orders to become part of the clergy, or marry, in completion of matrimony. Symbolically, Denise appears torn between the two. She loves Mouret, and yet she remains â€Å"in the strong position of an adored woman who refuses to yield† (400). Marriage, to her, suggests irritation and a stifling of independence, â€Å"giving up everything in order to follow him† (401). Meanwhile, refusing Mouret also means she must leave the store to avoid gossip and her own temptation to surrender. While she is relatively self-sufficient at this point, having made a name for herself as a main buyer, where can she go from here? Denise has come a long way since her shaky beginnings, falling under the spell of Mouret’s religion. If she refuses Mouret and leaves The Ladies’ Paradise, she will not experience matrimony and she will abandon the Holy Orders—for, in her high-ranking position, she has risen to become a member of the store â€Å"clergy,† helping reign over consumerist proceedings. In the end, however, it appears that she will give in to the path of matrimony. As close-knit of a theological community as The Ladies’ Paradise is, this choice seems practically inevitable. While Th e Ladies’ Paradise crushes competing vendors in its 19th-century Parisian neighborhood, sparking rage among opposing businessmen, Octave Mouret creates an unquestionably fantastic spectacle of a store. From its brilliant displays to its unbeatable prices, author Emile Zola presents the department store as a new type of religious force, one that draws in converts left and right. In a predominately Catholic nation, readers see Mouret as a higher being, one whose Capitalism is not altogether unfamiliar. From baptism to matrimony, protagonist Denise’s journey juxtaposes itself against the seven sacraments with which she was probably quite familiar. Indeed, Denis Baudu and her surrounding society venerate a pseudo-religious figure that, whether they realize it or not, is just as influential as the real-life Pope Pius IX himself.

Systematic review critique Essay - 910 Words

Critique of Systematic Review of intravenous acetaminophen Chamberlain College of Nursing NR505: Advance Research Methods: Evidence-Based Practice Fall Session A, 2013 Abstract According to the systematic review covered by Apfel, Turan, Souza, Pergolizzi Hornuss, 2013 there is a significant reduction in postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid use when using intravenous acetaminophen. The reviewers used Medline and Cochrane databases to conduct their search along with a hand search of abstracts to identify randomized-controlled trials using intravenous acetaminophen. The review was to determine if the acetaminophen was going to have a significant decline in nausea and vomiting following surgical procedures as†¦show more content†¦What was started as a study to show that there were less reports of postoperative nausea and vomiting ended up being a study that showed that the two usually ran hand in hand as you cannot have vomiting really without having nausea but on the other hand you can have nausea without vomiting so it was a little hard to show a difference in the two. But also that it not only mattered when they received the acetaminophen t hat it also seemed to help with vomiting more if just one dose was given than if additional doses were also given so one dose worked the best. And while they were not really assessing for pain control it was determined that there was less use of additional opioids if the patient received acetaminophen. The study has so many ands, buts and in additions to. It seemed like the results were all over the place making it hard to determine if the initial question truly was answered. Here is one example to show how things seemed to contradict each other Number needed to treat for i.v. acetaminophen was 12.3 (7.6–32.3) for nausea and 14.2 (8.3– 50.8) for vomiting. Sensitivity analysis revealed that i.v. acetaminophen reduced nausea (0.63, 0.54–0.75) and vomiting (0.42, 0.31– 0.56) in investigator-initiated trials, but did not reduce nausea (1.12, 0.85–1.48) and even increased vomiting (1.41, 1.02–1.96) in industry- sponsored clinical trials. A closer look showed that i.v. acetaminophen was generallyShow MoreRelatedCritique of Systematic Review1360 Words   |  6 PagesCritique of Systematic Review Mary Odenwalder Nur 518 April 7, 2014 Jane Cash Critique of Systematic Review The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all infants breastfeed exclusively until six months old to achieve optimum growth. 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Today, it is reported that the number of women that undergo IVF/ICSI process is increasing around the world. With this, I am curious about the risks for women having IVF/ICSI and how perilous it is to them since the process is not natural. I would alsoRead MorePeripheral Intravenous Infusion For Medications, Fluids, And Nutrient Administration9 26 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch to truly determine its effectiveness. The following systematic research review (SRR) focuses on ten eligible studies regarding the use of heparin as either an intermittent flush or continuous infusion compared to normal saline flushes to prevent thrombosis or occlusion in PIVs from occurring in neonates. Furthermore, this paper will analyze and critique the articles used for this review to determine its overall validity. Critique of Research Rigor Scientific rigor in quantitative researchRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research On Management Education1516 Words   |  7 PagesNot† (JME-16-0084-ETR). I have completed the evaluation of your paper by soliciting reviews from three experts, who assessed the potential contribution to management education research. Based on their assessment and mine, I would like to offer a high risk revise and resubmit for this manuscript. As I understand it from my reading and the reviewers’ comments, the aim of this manuscript is to provide a systematic review of criticality in the management education domain. Like most instructors who aspireRead MoreEvidence Based Practice4004 Words   |  17 Pageson which one provides better evidence based on their design (Evans, 2003). This reflects different types of research designs to distinguish ones that are susceptible to bias to ones that have sound results [National Health Service (NHS) Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, 1996]. Mulhall (2002) and Hanberg amp; Brown (2006) cite the gap between research and practice and how it can be implemented. In order for EBP to work, adjustments to attitudes, values and work behaviour have to be made (McCluskeyRead MoreFreedom Therapy : A Psychological Intervention For People Facing Serious Illness1660 Words   |  7 Pagestasks and address their emotional and existential need for the end of life patients (Fitchett et al, 2015). In dignity therapy patients completed systematic life review that captured the loveliest and most important moment, the lesson they have to learn in life and any dreams and hopes they haves for their loved one in the future. And the life systematic review is recorded, transcribed and edited to create an official legacy document, and it is can be given to patients as a gift and it can be bequeathedRead MoreEvidence Based Practice Essay examples4129 Words   |  17 Pages(Cullum and Droogan, 1999; Rolit and Beck, 2006). I am completing this assignment to cultivate the skills at enable me to effectively assess the validity of research that may shape my practice. 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The Agriculture Industry By How The Producer Orchestrates...

Envision a long day of sorting off cattle, doing chores, and doing odd jobs around the farm then having to come home and make supper for the family and still try to be engaged in a child’s day at school? After a long day, a family often sits in the living room and watches hours of television shows, or browses movies on Netflix, but the only shows that you receive are the farming shows. Although these shows may be relaxing and interesting, they can form negative views about the agriculture industry by how the producer orchestrates the program. When people watch a movie, they talk about how farming culture has enough farming specific mannerisms that other non-farming people will misunderstand when they see popular representations of it in modern culture. For example, glimpses of farm life on the internet and television can show how each gender plays a role in the agriculture industry. People think the only gender who can normal labor are the stereotypical â€Å"farmer boys.â₠¬  When in reality anyone can work in agriculture. The public perception of farming culture is outdated, as revealed by gender roles in the mainstream representation of agricultural living. When people think of the farming movies, a couple of generalizations come to their mind. The women are inside the house cooking meals, cleaning and putting everything in order, sending the kids off to school, and helping with their homework, as well as making a chore list for them to help the men out. The men, on the otherShow MoreRelatedComparative Study of Organic Farming Policy of M.P, Sikkim, Karnataka and Kerala States of India7559 Words   |  31 Pagesinterest of the MNCs or Farm Input Supplier Companies. In this whole document we will try to find out how the policy is addressing the following issuesï  ¶ Is the main thrust on livelihoods and improving net returns of farmers, or is it about export and niche markets? ï  ¶ Does the policy emphasise on internalisation of farm inputs or is it created for providing opportunities to the organic industry, where farmers will buy things from various input factories/entities/outfits? ï  ¶ Have farmers institutionsRead MoreComparative Education13537 Words   |  55 Pagesorganized educational system, which is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary (college) education. Primary and secondary education is usually imparted at public schools although a strong network of private schools also exists. All educational programs in France are regulated by the Ministry of National Education. Schooling in France is mandatory as of age 6, the first year of primary school while secondary education consists of collà ¨ge for the first four years after primary school and the lycà ©eRead More50 Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified (Gm) Foods14312 Words   |  58 Pagesis ever continuing. Yet if you recently ate soya sauce in a Chinese restaurant, munched popcorn in a movie theatre, or indulged in an occasional candy bar - you ve undoubtedly ingested this new type of food. You may have, at the time, known exactly how much salt, fat and carbohydrates were in each of these foods because regulations mandate their labeling for dietary purposes. But you would not know if the bulk of these foods, and literally every cell had been genetically altered! In just those threeRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pagesinstitutions† than others. Even though many scholars including John Locke, Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Douglass North and Robert Thomas have emphasized the importance of economic institutions, we are far from a useful framework for thinking about how economic institutions are determined and why they vary across countries. In other words, while we have good reason to believe that economic institutions matter for economic growth, we lack the crucial comparative static results which will allow us toRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesconsumers but are spread across a diverse set of industries. A) metamarket B) vertically integrated market C) horizontally integrated market D) marketspace E) synchronized market Answer: A Page Ref: 9 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 21) Consider the real estate industry. 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Essay on Slavery In America - 1014 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Slavery in America stems well back to when the new world was first discovered and was led by the country to start the African Slave Trade-Portugal. The African Slave Trade was first exploited for plantations in the Caribbean, and eventually reached the southern coasts of America. The African natives were of all ages and sexes. Women usually worked in the homes cooking and cleaning, while men were sent out into the plantations to farm. Young girls would usually help in the house also and young boys would help in the farm by bailing hay and loading wagons with crops. They were shipped from Africa by the Europeans, quot;The Triangular Trans-Atlantic Slave Tradequot;. This was an organized route where†¦show more content†¦The system involved 3,000 white helpers and freed an estimated 75,000 people after the civil war. Slavery in the middle of the 1800s was abolished except for the rebellion states in the south. In 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was issued which made slavery illegal in the states that had rebelled and allowed black slaves to serve in the army and get other jobs, or continue to work on the plantations, as employees making money. The nightmare of slavery was over but a new one was to begin. One that was worse for it was prevalent but was secret and silent. One that exists today. One that does not shrink but rather grows. Racism was and is still upon us. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Ku Klux Klan has been around since the end of the civil war. It is a roller coaster of a history. From extreme power, to rapid decline, and slow reemergence. The clan, who is notorious for its violence, has a relatively innocent beginning. It was formed from some veterans from the confederate army and was first called the Kuklos Clan which, in Greek, meant Circle Clan. One person thought it would be a good idea to call it the quot;Ku Klux Klanquot; as a parody of the fraternity names which always had three Greek alphabet letters in it. They created the Clan to be mischievous and to do it without anyone knowing who they were which accounts for their costumes and masks. They, like mostShow MoreRelatedThe Slavery Of America And America1168 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1619, there was a Dutch ship that arrived in America to trade for food. But instead of an object, such as silk or wine, they were trading humans. These humans were Africans who were not treated as normal human beings, but as if they were just an object or animal. On their voyage over to America, all the slaves were crammed into the lower part of the ship. They were forbidden to move and had to remain lying down for the entire voyage. For those on the ship to be sure the slaves were not causingRead MoreSlavery in America941 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery in America Does anyone know who really started slavery? Slavery first took place in North America, 1619 at a British colony of Jamestown Virginia† (Boles, John). This caused slavery to spread throughout the American colonies. Slavery had a huge impact on America and still does till this day. Slavery was nothing new when it came to America. It’s been going on since before the 1400’s.†Slavery had existed in Europe from classical times and did not disappear with the collapse of the Roman Empire†Read MoreSlavery in America1124 Words   |  5 PagesEveryone knows that slavery in America was a difficult time for African Americans. But do people truly understand how hard it was for the African American female slaves? Harriet Jacobs goes into detail about her life as a slave and gives the female perspective under the alias Linda Brent in the novel Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. She states that everything she says in the book is completely true. There are stereo types of black women during this time: being looked upon as sexual objects andRead MoreThe Slavery Of Slavery And The Colonization Of America941 Words   |  4 PagesProblem of Slavery Introduction The slavery is a relationship established between two individuals and involves the complete and absolute control of each other. Usually, this domain is established from the force, becoming the slave of an object or possession of the owner, so you end up losing not only their freedom but also their humanity and dignity being. The cases of slavery in the history of humanity are many and are always imbued with very bloody and very violent stories as they pose most absoluteRead MoreSlavery in America743 Words   |  3 Pagestrees along the riverbank were bent with swinging corpses – a grisly warning to others dreaming of liberty. Other planters resisted emancipation more legalistically, stubbornly protesting that slavery was lawful until state legislatures or the Supreme Court declared otherwise. For many slaves the shackles of slavery were not struck off in a mighty single blow but had to be broken link by link. Prodded by the bayonets of Yankee armies all masters were eventually forced to recognize their slaves’Read MoreSlavery in America Art1205 Words   |  5 Pagesdebated, but ultimately the Civil War surrounded the legality of slavery in America. Everyone knows that Abraham Lincoln ended the ability to legally own slaves, therefore freeing slaves. Before Abraham Lincoln ended slavery, many slaves found freedom for themselves by running away to the northern states where slavery was illegal. Eastman Johnson, an American painter of the nineteenth century, depicts an African-American family fleeing slavery during the Civil War in his oil-painting titled A Ride to LibertyRead MoreSlavery And Its Impact On America1353 Words   |  6 Pages Slavery in America had a tight hold over the southern half. It was primarily located in the southern portion and African American slaves were held on large plantations and out in the fields. Some were even leased into the industrializing fa ctories. Ever since slavery in America started, slaves were considered property. Every black person was a white persons â€Å"property†. Now American had a belief, a belief that every man were entitled to God-given rights. The rights could not be stripped fromRead MoreSlavery And The Making Of America1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe film â€Å"Slavery and The Making Of America† covered the beginning of American slavery in the British colonies until the end of slavery in the southern states and post-civil war reconstruction. This film shows viewers remarkable stories of individual slaves, providing new perspectives on how unjust the slaves experiences were, and besides all the trouble they were facing still having to survive and shape their own lives. The British colonies in North America had an abundance of land and a scarcityRead MoreThe History of Slavery in the Americas732 Words   |  3 Pageswork very hard on plantations and in mines. In the early 17th century, European settlers in North America turned to African slaves as an inexpensive, harder labored source, much better than indentured servants (who were mostly poor Europeans). In 1619, a Dutch ship brought 20 African Americans to the British colonies of Jamestown, Virginia, Charleston, and mostly any other big cities on the cost. Slavery spread throughout the American colonies pretty fast. It is impossible to give an exact number,Read MoreThe Issue of Slavery in America1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe North and South -1820 to 1850 The period between 1820s to the 1850s and eve beyond was majorly dominated by the concern about the issue of slavery in America. This was the talk of the time with some advocating for the free will to do with the slaves as they wanted yet others advocating for the total ban on slavery as well as slave trade within the USA. It is worth noting that the North was more of an industrial region and yet he south was more of agricultural region. This was the economic

Irony in Pride and Prejudice - 995 Words

Irony in Pride and Prejudice Irony forms the alma mater of Jane Austen’s novels. Likewise, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† is steeped in irony of theme, situation, character, and narration. Austen uses it to establish the contrast between appearance and reality. As one examines â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, one discovers the ironic significance of how pride leads to prejudice and prejudice invites pride. Importantly, the novel elucidates how both â€Å"Pride† and â€Å"Prejudice† have their corresponding virtues bound up within them: an intricate relationship that is at once contradictory yet deep. This goes in parlance with the critics of Austen who hold that she used irony as a shield to express her radical ideas. It enables her to expose the ills behind†¦show more content†¦Mr. Darcy remarks about Elizabeth that: â€Å"tolerable but not handsome enough to tempt me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We relish the ironical flavour of this statement much later when we reflect that the woman who was not handsome enough to dance with was really good enough for him tomarry. He removes Bingley from Netherfield because he considers it imprudent to forge a marriage alliance with the Bennet Family, but himself ends up marrying the second Bennet sister. Collins proposes to Elizabeth when her heart is full of Wickham and Darcy proposes to her exactly at the moment when she hates him most. Elizabeth tells Mr. Collins that she is not the type to reject the first proposal and accept the second but does exactly this when Darcy proposes a second time. The departure of the militia from Meryton was expected to put an end to Lydias flirtations. Ironically, it brings about her elopement. The Lydia-Wickham episode may seem like an insurmountable barrier between Elizabeth and Darcy, but is actually instrumental in bringing them together. Lady Catherine, attempting to prevent their marriage only succe eds in hastening it. Irony in character is even more prominent than irony of situation. It is ironical that Elizabeth who prides herself on her perception is quite blinded by her own prejudices and she errs in judging intricate characters. Wickham appears suave and charming but isShow MoreRelated Essay on the Irony of Pride in Pride and Prejudice1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe Irony of Pride in Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚   Jane Austen uses the elements of both pride and prejudice to develop the satire in her novel. Austen presents pride as both a vice and a virtue. Austen first introduces pride as a vice of arrogance and prejudice, but as the characters in the novel develop so does the concept of pride. Towards the end of the novel pride becomes the vehicle for many of the noble actions taken by the main characters. Austen skillfully interweaves the two parts ofRead More Irony in Pride and Prejudice Essay2389 Words   |  10 PagesPride and Prejudice is one of the most popular novels written by Jane Austen. This romantic novel, the story of which revolves around relationships and the difficulties of being in love, was not much of a success in Austens own time. However, it has grown in its importance to literary critics and readerships over the last hundred years. There are many facets to the story that make reading it not only amusing but also highly interesting. The reader can learn much about the upper-class society ofRead More Characterization and Irony in Pride and Prejudice Essay2991 Words   |  12 PagesCharacterization and Irony in Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚   Like all true literary classics, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is still capable of engaging us, both emotionally and intellectually (Twayne back flap) through its characters and themes. This essay illustrates how Jane Austen uses the characterization of the major characters and irony to portray the theme of societal frailties and vices because of a flawed humanity. Austen writes about the appearance vs. the reality of the charactersRead MoreEssay on Irony Used in Austens Pride and Prejudice1168 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen combines the theme of irony with satire and drama in Pride and Prejudice to emphasize the overall basic plot of the story. Essentially, the positions and stances the characters hold on the issues on family, marriage, and love, change throughout the book, differing from the previous expectations seen at the beginning of the novel for each individual character. A great example of this is the position that Mr. Bennet holds on the idea of a happy marriage at the beginning of the novel, andRead More Essay on Irony, Values and Realism in Pride and Prejudice1152 Words   |  5 PagesIrony, Values and Realism in Pride and Prejudice The focus of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice is the prejudice of Elizabeth Bennet against the apparent arrogance of her future suitor, Fitzwilliam Darcy, and the blow to his pride in falling in love with her. The key elements of the story are the irony, values and realism of the characters as they develop. Jane Austen ¹s irony is devastating in its exposure of foolishness and hypocrisy. Self-delusion or the attempt to fool other people areRead More Irony and Social Commentary in Pride and Prejudice Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesIrony and social commentary in â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† Like any other society, nineteenth-century England had its share of foppish fools and fawning leeches, hot-blooded lovers and garrulous, gossiping women. While few people exhibit these failings with abandonment, few escape their taint altogether. In the novel â€Å"Pride and Prejudice,† the author Jane Austen satirizes these instances of – not social evils– rather, unpleasant social peculiarities, via a most careful use of irony in the dialoguesRead More Irony in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Essay3430 Words   |  14 PagesIrony in Pride and Prejudice Critics have examined Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, since its creation. In this novel, Austen uses and irony to produce a masterpiece. Austen opens the novel with what appears to be a sarcastic sentence. She writes, IT is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife (Austen 5). Most readers think of this as humorous and quite laughable. It does not necessarily follow that a manRead MorePride and Prejudice Narrative Style Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen the author of Pride and Prejudice a novel where irony is considered the foundation for this novel. Irony, humour and the extensive use of dialogue complement each other to create an inviting novel for potential readers to lose themselves in. Irony is used to show the difference in truth and the way things may seem. Austen uses irony to create deeper emotions and laugh and characters perceptions in the novel. Humour is also used to show relationships but to guide the reader to understandRead MoreJane Austens Influence in the Romantic Period958 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelop the first draft o f three of her novels. In 1809, Jane initiated to take her writing career seriously, and in a span of four years, she published four different novels that became profoundly successful: â€Å"Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814), and Emma (1815)† (Smith). â€Å"After publishing Emma, Jane started to develop symptoms of what may have been Addisons disease, and in July 18, 1817, Jane died† (Klackle). To show the honor that they had to their sisterRead MoreEssay about Importance of Manners in Pride and Prejudice822 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Manners in Pride and Prejudice Manners have survived throughout the many passing years of history and culture to influence the ways human beings interact even today in the way we relate to one another: what is acceptable and unacceptable social behavior. Proper manners in everything from conversation to eating have long been distinguishing mark of social status. Even now they are often important in business and social situations. But in the eighteenth century, manners

Australian Competition Consumer Legislation -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australian Competition Consumer Legislation? Answer: Introducation A contract is an agreement enforceable by law. An agreement is established between two parties known as an offeror and an offeree. When an offeror makes and offer to an offeree and the same is accepted by the offeree then an agreement is formed between two. For an agreement to be in category of a contract it is necessary that apart for the offer and its acceptance there must be intention of parties to contract, consideration and capacity of parties.(Stone, 2005) An offer is an intent made by an offeror to an offeree to perform or not to perform certain tasks. It is the intention of the offeror which he communicates to an offeree and is held in Australian Woollen MillsPty. Ltd.v. TheCommonwealth[1954]. An offer is concluded when it is communicated to the person for whom the same is meant. An offer can be in written or an oral form. Offer may be for a specific person or for the world at large. The case law of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company (1892) is based on concept of general and specific offers.. Now, an offer can be revoked by the offeror either expressly or by lapse of time. When the offeror gave a specific time duration within which the offeree must accept the offer and if the offeree does not accept the offer within such time frame then there is revocation of offer on the basis of lapse of time and is held in Goldsbrough, Mort Co Ltd v Quinn[1910]. Invitation to treat An invitation to treat is a concept in contract law which is different from an offer. when the intended person wish to receive proposals from the public at large or specific persons and thus in order to do so he makes advertisements, holds auctions, tenders, display of goods etc and thus receives proposals (offer), then the intended person is an inviter and the act is an act of invitation to treat and is held in Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd [1953]. The proposal are received from the offeror and the inviter must act like an offeree who if accepts the offers so received results in a binding relationship amid the parties. In the leading case of Harris v Nickerson(1873), it was held by the court that an advertisement is not an offer, rather, the same is construed as an invitation to treat and any person who is interested in the advertisement must make an offer to the advertiser. Acceptance An acceptance is the second most important ingredient in contract law. An acceptance is the confirmation to the terms of the offer by the offeree and is held in Airways Corp of New Zealand v GeyserlandAirways Ltd [1996]. An acceptance is the mirror image of the offer. If the acceptance is made with different terms that are part of an offer then the acceptance is not the mirror image of the offer and such an acceptance is not valid and is called counter offer and is held in Pars TechnologyLimitedv City Link Transport HoldingsLimited (1999). A counter offer revokes the original offer and must be regarded as new offer in law which is made by the offeree (new offeror) to the old offeror. The old offeror now becomes the new offeree and if he accepts the new offer then there is a bonding contract amid the parties. But, mere request or communication of informations cannot be regarded as an acceptance in law and is held in Stevenson, Jacques and Co v McLean (1880). An acceptance is considered to be complete in law provided the offeror is aware of the same and is held in Latec Finance Pty Ltd v Knight[1969]. When an acceptance is made with the help of instant mode of communication, that is, with the help of telephone, fax, etc, then the communication of acceptance takes place when it comes in the awareness of the offeror. The same rule applies when an acceptance is made with the help of email. Till the time the email is not read by the offeror, the acceptance is not complete unless and until there is a considerable lapse of time has passed and is held in Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation[1955]. But, the rule is not applicable when the acceptance is with the help of post and it was decided that the acceptance is considered to be over on the part of the offeree as soon as the letter is put into transit. There is no need that the same must come within the awareness of the offeror and is held in Adam v Lindsell[1818]. (HILL , 2001) An acceptance must be revoked with a faster mode of communication so that the acceptance is revoked before it is completed as against the offeree, that is, before it comes within the knowledge of the offeror. Lianne come through an advertisement of Mary wherein she is offering professional services for catering a party. Lianne is interested in throwing a party so she made an email to Mary on 10th June. Since an advertisement is posted on the website by Mary so it is an invitation as per Harris v Nickersonand she must receive offers from public. Lianne sent an email and submitted that she is interested in taking the services of Mary and thus requires the price information. Mary replied with service information which is liked by Lianne and she further provided with her party details. Then again an email is exchanged wherein Mary quoted that for the services she would like to charge $ 10,000. However, no quote in law is considered to be an offer and thus the quotation of Mary is also not an offer. Against the quotation that is submitted by Mary to Lianne, Lianne decided to make an offer to Mary and submitted that she would like to take the services of Mary at the reduced price of $ 9,500. Now, this is the first time that against the invitation of Mary, it was Lianne who made an offer of $ 9,500. It is now upon Mary to either accept the offer or reject the same. It is found that Mary decided to accept the offer of Lianne at $ 9,500 but when she made the acceptance she submitted that she requires 10% of the non-refundable deposit and that she will accept the offer only when the same is received within seven days. Now, the acceptance of Mary is not as per the rule of acceptances and her acceptance was not the mirror image of the offer of Lianne. She made variations and thus this variation in the acceptance has made the acceptance into counter offer. So, the counter offer of Mary cancels the offer of Lianne. The only offer that is now valid is the counter offer of Mary at a price of $ 9,500 with 10% non-refundable deposit within seven days. No response is received from Lianne for ten days. Thus, the counter offer (new offer) of Mary is already revoked as per Butler Machine ToolCo Ltdv Ex-Cell-O CorpLtd [1977]. Thus, when on 20th June, Lianne sent an email of her acceptance, such acceptance has no validity in law. There is no obligation on Mary to abide by such acceptance. But, against the mail of Lianne on 20th June, Mary against submitted that she will now gave the service for $ 10,000. Now, this statement is a new offer which is now made by Mary to Lianne. This new offer of Mary was approved by Lianne by sending an email which was not read by Mary for next five hours, also, within next half an hour Lianne also send an email of revocation which is also read by Mary after five hours. Now, a presumption is drawn here and it is assumed that the revocation email is read by Mary prior to the acceptance email. So, the acceptance was revoked by Lianne before it is complete a against Mary. So, there is no acceptance by Lianne to the offer of Mary and thus there is no contract. Based on the assumption made, it is submitted that since the revocation email is read by Mary prior to the acceptance email, thus, there is no concluding contract amid the parties. The Australian Consumer Law (ACL) is the enactments which aims at safeguarding the interest of the consumers and imposes strict guarantees that must be cater by the manufacturers and suppliers of the goods and services. Now, the most important question is who the consumer is? The ACL has submitted in its section 3 that any person who is purchasing the goods worth up to $ 40,000 is a consumer. However, if the worth of the goods exceeds $ 40,000 still the person is considered to be a consumer provided the goods so purchase is for personal consumption or domestic use. (Australia, 2011) Once a person is regarded as a consumer as per section 3 of ACL then the manufacturer, supplier, imported is imposed with few obligations that must be comply with by them in each and every situation. Firstly, as per section 18 of ACL, no act must be carried out which deceive or mislead the consumer; secondly, no representation must be made which is misleading or false in nature, as per section 29 of ACL; thirdly, if the goods are not of acceptable quality then there is violation of section 54 of ACL and is held in Grant v Australian Knitting Mills (1935); fourthly, if the specific usage of the good is communicated to the supplier then the goods so supplied must match the goods so supplied (Section 55) (David Jones v Willis (1934); fifthly, if the goods are sold as per description, then the good so supplied must match the description (section 56 of ACL) (Beale v Taylor (1967). Application of law As per the facts of the case, it is assumed that there is a valid contract that is made out between Lianne and Mary for a contractual amount of $ 9,500. Now, as per section 3, Lianne is a consumer because the services supplied by Mary are not more than $ 40,000. So, the guarantees that are established under ACL is applicable upon Mary to be furnished in order to avoid liabilities. It is found that most of the requirements that is desired by Lianne was not met by Mary. Thus, there is breach of several consumer guarantees, that is: When the services are supplied by Mary to Lianne, then, Lianne specifically told to Mary that she is interested in a party which must be based on Malaysian theme. She also specified that the music must be Zapin and Joget with ethinic foods and drinks of high quality. She also required a dancing room on board. But, it is submitted that these requirements of Lianne was not met by Mary. This is because the food so supplied was not Malaysians, rather, Russian food was provided. The dancing room was not provided and the boat was not adequate to fit in the entire guest. Thus, the services that are sought by Lianne were already described by her but the services that are provided do not match the purpose for which the services are required. Thus, there is clear breach of section 55 of ACL. Also, when the advertisement laws posted on the website by Mary then she declared that they are professional and stylish, they are represented that they are professional for holding boat parties. However, these representations were found to be false and the boat that was provided was congested and could not hold all the guests. Also, they were not professionals in their conduct. Thus, there was clear violation of section 18 and cession 29 of ACL. Advertisements published by businesses appear in various media such as television, radio, print, or internet. In Australia, as elsewhere, advertisements are designed to have a certain impact or effect on those who see, read or hear them. The business advertiser needs to be careful about statements made in its advertisements given that they are subject to legal rules developed by the courts as well as by parliament. The statement made above seems to be justified in nature. considering the number of legal framework that are developed in Australia, it is justified in submitted that the business advertiser needs to be careful about statements made in its advertisements given that they are subject to legal rules developed by the courts as well as by parliament. (Horvath et al, 2009) In order to authenticate the statements made above it is now important to lay down some of the legislations that are enacted by the government of Australia which are binding upon the advertisers and must be followed in order to avoid consequences. Firstly, any misleading or deceptive advertisement is not permitted as per section 18 of ACL. Bait advertisements are violation of section 18. Also, those advertisements which cannot be understood, read or interpret by the public are bait in nature. if the advertisement does not disclose the true information or provides inadequate or no information then it is nothing but a misleading action on the part of the advertiser; secondly, the advertisements that misleads or make false information in the advertisements is misleading and is considered to be violation of section 29 of the law. If any claim is made regarding the origin or the good or quality or style or false testimonial or false claim that repair services will be provided or false characteristics, sponsorship, accessories or a false claim that the goods are novel or false declaration of rebates, prizes etc are volition of section 29 of ACL; thirdly, when the advertiser on the basis of his stronger position take undue advantage to itself at the cost of the relying party then it is an act of unconsiousable conduct and is prohibited under section 20 of the ACL; fifthly, AANA Code of Ethics is established which lay downs guidelines which are applicable upon the marketing and advertising of the products which must be cater by the advertiser; sixthly, many codes and enactments are made which imposes strict obligations of the advertisers which includes, Food and Beverage Industry, ABAC Responsible Alcohol Marketing Code, Australia Food and Grocery Council Responsible Childrens Marketing Initiative of the Australian; Weight Management Industry Code of Practice 2015, Therapeutic Goods Advertising Code 2015. Thus, it is submitted that the role of the advertiser is very crucial and there are several representations and informations that are provided by the advertiser which are relied upon the consumer. Thus, it is the paramount duty of the advertiser to provide such information and indulge in such actions which ado not misguide or harm the consumer in any manner whatsoever. Reference List Australia (2011) Australian Competition and Consumer Legislation 2011, CCH Australia Limited. HILL, S (2001) Email contracts When is the contract formed?, JlLawInfoSci 4. Horvath et al et al, (2009) Consumer Protection Law Developments, American Bar Association. Stone R (2005) The Modern Law of Contract, The Modern Law of Contract. Adam v Lindsell[1818]. Airways Corp of New Zealand v GeyserlandAirways Ltd [1996]. Australian Woollen MillsPty. Ltd.v. TheCommonwealth[1954]. Beale v Taylor (1967). Butler Machine ToolCo Ltdv Ex-Cell-O CorpLtd [1977]. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company (1892). David Jones v Willis (1934). Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation[1955]. Grant v Australian Knitting Mills (1935). Goldsbrough, Mort Co Ltd v Quinn[1910]. Harris v Nickerson(1873). Latec Finance Pty Ltd v Knight[1969]. Pars TechnologyLimitedv City Link Transport HoldingsLimited (1999). Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd [1953]. Stevenson, Jacques and Co v McLean (1880).

To what extent did Shakespeare make us believe that the Friar was to blame for the tragic events that happened in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

To what extent did Shakespeare make us believe that the Friar was to blame for the tragic events that happened in Romeo and Juliet? Essay In Shakespeares play, Romeo and Juliet, Friar Laurence plays a major role; in the impossible marriage of Romeo and Juliet, Juliets death plan as well as in Romeos death. Without the Friar many crucial and tragic events would not have happened in Romeo and Juliet, but how much does Shakespeare convince us that the Friar is to blame for the tragic ending, and that he is the sole influence that drives Romeo and Juliet to end their lives so terribly? The Friar is established as an honoured man, who sells herbs and medicines to the people of Verona and is an ancient pharmacist, who produces potions for both causes of good and evil. He makes his first appearance in the play at the beginning of Act Two, Scene 3, during which Shakespeare gives us a background to his thoughts and personality through his short lecture on herbal drugs that can kill and cure. O, mickle is the powerful grace that lies/ In plants, herbs, stones, and their true qualities. For naught so vile that on earth doth live / But to the earth some special good doth give; / Nor aught so good but, strained from that fair use, / Revolts from true birth, stumbling on abuse. and Wisely, and slow. They stumble that run fast. give the impression that he is a wise and intelligent man, and from his speech you get the impression that he is good-hearted and has good intentions. The Friars close relationship with Romeo is also revealed in this scene, as Romeo confesses his love for Juliet to Friar Laurence, who is clearly accustomed to hearing Romeos confessions of love and who has evidently given him advice in the past. His knowledge of Romeos life builds the reputation that he is a man of trust, not one that would deceive a true friend, although other parts of the speech indicate a slight foreshadowing of the incidents that will occur Within the infant rind of this small flower / Poison hath residence, and medicine power; / Full soon the canker death eats up that plant. In this way, it would seem that Shakespeare is leading us to believe that the Friar is to some extent in control of the story and the plotline, and will play a vital part in the scenes ahead whether it is for the good of his own intentions or for Romeo and Juliets benefits. Perceptibly this morality literally applies to the drug that he will provide for Juliet, as well as the poison that Romeo takes to kill himself. However, it also surely reflects upon the romance around which the play centres, though the Friars meaning is questionable. Does he mean that love is true when it is freely given, but unworthy when it is used as the to ol for politics and agreements (between the Capulets and the Montagues) as modern audiences might assume, or does he mean that lawful married love is honourable and that it becomes sinful when it is carried out for unhonest desires amidst the shame of stoln contracts? After all, Friar Laurence does not immediately approve of Romeos plan to marry Juliet, and asks him Is Rosaline, that thou didst love so dear,/ So soon forsaken? In this scene the use of the Friars formal language of rhyme and proverbs as opposed to Romeos romantic poetry stresses the need for caution towards Romeo and represents the Friar as a fatherly sort of figure. As well as this, the Friars sophisticated tone of language shows his wisdom and understanding, which does change later in the play as he begins to get more desperate and uncertain of his actions. This change of character and decrease in confidence leads the audience to believe that perhaps the Friars plan is not so well-thought out after all and gives them reason to doubt that the Friar is an all-knowing wise man who knows what to do in problematic situations. Romeos arguments in favour of his current love for Juliet are hardly very creditable: Her I love now/ Does grace for grace, and love for love allow/ The other did not. In this scene (Act 2 Scene 3), Shakespeare shows Romeo as irrational and impatient, determined to marry Juliet after only one brief encounter the previous evening. The Friar even tries desperately to convince Romeo that he is being far too hasty, and that he should hold back and think about his true feelings if he is acting on impulse or if it is true love So soon forsaken? Young mens love then lies/ Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes. In this way, the Friar does do the right thing and does seem to respond to what the audience is actually thinking at this point (have they not only seen each other once? Is it not only the next day?). Shakespeare gives the audience someone to relate to and this builds up the trust between the audience and the Friar at the start of the play for additional dramatic effect later on. Friar Laurence does agree to help Romeo and Juliet as he is convinced by Romeos sincerity, but for a specific reason (in one respect, as he says), specifically that This alliance may so happy prove/ To turn your households rancour to pure love. Here the audience is given the idea that the Friars intentions are in fact good to resolve the everlasting feud between the Capulets and the Montagues. Looked at more closely, Friar Laurence could be accused of helping to arrange Romeo and Juliets marriage for reasons that have nothing to do with their love; though he wants to create peace, he is arguably as keen to use marriage for the purposes of alliance as Juliets father is when he attempts to make Juliet marry Paris. As things get more twisted and the plot thickens, the Friars motive for marrying Romeo and Juliet evidently leads to destruction, as everybody seems to keep secrets from each other for different purposes; whether it is for love, hate or for carrying on the family name. It is impossible that all of these plans will turn out well at least some will fail, and even though the Friar may be portrayed as a trigger for the chain of tragic events that follow, it cannot be all down to him. Shakespeare,Renaissance,Queen Elizabeth, and Elizabethan TheaterReferring back to the play, even after Mercutios death and Romeos banishment Friar Laurence does not see the destructiveness of Romeo and Juliets marriage. Instead he continues to attempt to keep Romeo and Juliet together. However, his plan is short-sighted, poorly thought out and risky. Friar Laurence devises the plan in haste and in desperation simply because Juliet is there in his presence threatening suicide rather than to marry Paris. Unless thou tell me how I may prevent it. / If, in thy wisdom thou canst give no help, / Do but call my resolution wise, / And with this knife Ill help it presently (Act 4 Scene 1). To appease Juliet, Friar Laurence gives her a potion to consume that will enable her to feign death, by this means avoiding her marriage to Paris. He calls his plan as desperate as an execution as he is telling her of it which is quite an ironic thing to say, as it suggests that if Juliet does decide to go ahead with his plan she could get killed in an exceptionally painful death approximating an execution, and his language here is indeed desperate. The fact that the Shakespeare gives the Friar language that causes him to appear extremely desperate and distressed at this point triggers you to begin to worry; given that he is established at the start of the play as a very wise, knowledgeable and holy man who can even prefigure some of the events that do in fact take part later on, this gives you more reason to consider that something is not quite right and that the plan is perhaps not working as well as anticipated. In addition, is Friar Laurence attempting to get himself out of the mess he has created by planning Juliets stimulated death? If Juliet did, to her dismay, get married to County Paris, she would have been a wife to two different men. In Shakespearean times, marriage laws were extremely strict and therefore this double marriage would ultimately have resulted in the Friars execution. This situation leads you to believe that Friar Laurence may just be acting on his own agenda, trying to save himself from the situation that he has put himself in rather than Romeo and Juliet, therefore giving you more reason to place more blame on him for the tragedy. More to the point, it is he who almost interrupts the dramatic scene of Romeo and Juliet dying in each others arms with his frantic talking as he enters the churchyard Saint Francis be my speed! How oft tonight / Have my old feet stumbled at graves! Whos there? The fact that he interrupts such an intimate and anticipated scene to some extent ruins the moment, and the audience are quite likely left feeling dreadfully annoyed with the Friar for this reason. In addition he stumbles over the graves, and this was known as a bad omen in Shakespearean times; all the more reason to get the feeling that the Friar was in reality not a matchmaker made in heaven. Conversely, despite all that has gone wrong, the Friar does admit in the final scene (in a rather longwinded speech) that he has done wrong and is ready to face the fatal consequences of his actions I will be brief, for my short date of breath / Is not so long as is a tedious tale. This sentence almost sums up how the Friar understands that his plan was Miscarried by his fault and he is ready for his old life / Be sacrificed, some hour before his time, / Unto the rigour of severest law. This could be Shakespeares way of showing us that the Friar does show remorse to a degree for his unlawful activities, and he is somewhat ashamed of his actions that lead to such devastation. Although the tragedy of Romeo and Juliets deaths is upsetting, the family feud between the Capulets and the Montagues is well and truly over, only because of the Friars plan going wrong. This therefore means that one of the Friars motives for the marriage plan (to make alliance between the two families) does in fact turn out well and according to plan, and some good does come out of his disastrous scheme. To conclude, the Friar is a very interesting character to analyse in Shakespeares play of Romeo and Juliet as there is no true answer as to whether or not Shakespeare was trying to show that he is to blame for the tragedy. He is guilty to some extent, for it is he who is mostly in control of the plotline throughout and could have done differently to adjust the ending, but do we actually want the ending to change? Romeo and Juliet die in each others arms for their extreme love for one and other and the feud between their two families is finally over, despite there being a few deaths along the way. Perhaps the Friars plan is for the greater good after all, as a happy ending would have defeated the purpose of Shakespeares tragedy.

Stereotypes In The Merchant Of Venice Essays - Italian Films

Stereotypes In The Merchant Of Venice Stereotypes in The Merchant of Venice Dumb jocks! , Women don't belong there, doing that!, He must be a criminal, just look at his clothes. How often have we heard somebody mention these things, yet, how often have we said something similar? Our society is based on face values where we categorize people because of a few actions. All of the above statements are prejudicial notions used to define members of a social or an ethnic group, and are called stereotypes. Stereotypes are explored greatly in the Shakespeare play The Merchant Of Venice, as most of the main characters are looked upon with a stereotypical point of view. However Not all of the main characters are, some take a different perspective and are a completely different breed of character compared to the others. A good example of a stereotypical character in The Merchant of Venice would be Shylock. Shylock is a Jew, and in this time period, Jews where used mainly as loan officials. The stereotype that he is placed with is that of a Jew, or as it was seen back th en. While the character Portia is a good example of a character that hasn't been implemented with any stereotypes. Some of the play's characters have some stereotypical aspect about them. Antonio is the main character, and is affected by stereotypes. He is noble, rich, high class, dominant and couldn't care less for the Jew and always wants to make a buck. This was the stereotype for a rich businessman, and this is how the audience views Antonio. You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, And spit upon my Jewish gabardine, (A1, S3, Ln103-104) Here Shylock is telling us what Antonio has done to him in the past, which shows that Antonio is both a snob and high class, as he looks down upon the Jew and spits on his clothes. ... I thank my fortune for it, ?Upon the fortune of this present year: Therefore my merchandise makes me not sad (A1, S1, Ln41-45) Here Antonio is expressing his sadness for his ships that are at see. He is sad because he is unsure if they will return bringing him his riches or if that they will sink on their mission. This is when the audience is first shown his greed and businessman like attitude. His nobility is shown well in the courtroom scene. For Herein Fortune shows herself more kind Than is her custom: it is still her use To let wretched man outlive his wealth (A4, S1, Ln263-265) Antonio is saying that it was fate's choice to let him die here, and he has accepted that. This shows his nobility, as he is ready to accept defeat to the Jew and receive his punishment, instead of trying to wriggle out of it. Another character that is also very stereotypical is Shylock, the villainous Jew. He is a man who is sought after only for a loan, as it was only Jews who could give loans and receive interest. Shylock's character of cunning, evil and mischievous man was the stereotype of a Jew back then. This is how Shylock is portrayed through out the play. Fair sir, you spat on me Wednesday last, You spurned me such a day, another time You called me dog: and for these courtesies I'll lend you thus much monies. (A1, S3, Ln118-121) Many people would ask the question, why would someone in Shylock's position want to give anything to a person who has treated them as badly as Antonio. However, under the interest free bond that Shylock has created with Antonio lies a need for revenge so great that Shylock will do anything to take the life of Antonio. This shows how cunning and mischievous he is as he then agrees and instead of paying interest, if Antonio is late, he will pay a pound of flesh. Expressed in the condition, let forfeit Be nominated for an equal pound Of you fair flesh, to be cut off and taken (A1, S3, Ln141-143) This again shows his cunning and corrupt character. Although both Antonio and Shylock and both stereotyped in the play, there are some characters that are not stereotyped. The best example of this is Portia. Back in Shakespeare's time, the woman was stereotyped as being obedient